Psych exam 4

A set of critical properties of concept representation is often called a ... A. prototype B. structure C. blueprint D. object guide

A

Prototypes allow an individual to become familiar with new objects because they are interpreted using a foundation from ... A. contextual information B. shared knowledge C. priming cues D. previously learned information

D

The ___________ model includes associations between concepts and the property of spreading activation. A. Neural Network B. Connectionist network C. Semantic Network D. Parallel distributed process

C

Which of the following is NOT associated with the semantic network model? A. Hierarchical organization B. Cognitive economy C. Family resemblance D. Spreading activation

C

Which of the following terms is most closely associated with semantic networks? A. Distributed processing B. Serial processing C. Cognitive economy D. Prototype formation

C

While doing a mental rotation experiment like the one in the demonstration participants will often report ... A. None of these B. that they are never really able to tell if the objects are the same or not and they make their same/different judgment on instinct. C. that they mentally rotate one of the objects until they can determine if the two objects are the same or not. D. that they observe the two objects and eventually have a spontaneous insight into whether or not the two objects are the same.

C

___________is a "typical" member of a category. A. An exemplar B. A unit C. A prototype D. A component

C

Items high on prototypicality have ___________ family resemblances. A. weak B. moderate C. no D. strong

D

Paivio (1963) proposed the conceptual peg hypothesis. His work suggests which of the following would be most difficult to remember? A. Apple pie B. America C. Baseball D. Freedom

D

Based on the information your textbook provided about different category types, jumping from ___________ categories results in the largest gain in information. A. superordinate level to basic level B. basic level to subordinate level C. subordinate level to basic level D. basic level to superordinate level

A

Behaviorists branded the study of imagery as being unproductive because A. visual images are invisible to everyone except the person experiencing them. B. the imageless thought debate was unresolved. C. some people have great difficulty forming visual images. D. visual images vary in detail.

A

Rosch found that participants respond more rapidly in a same-different task when presented with "good" examples of colors such as "red" and "green" than when they are presented with "poor" examples such as "pink" and "light green." The result of this experiment was interpreted as supporting the ___________ approach to categorization. A. prototype B. exemplar C. parallel processing D. network

A

The key difference between depictive representation and propositional representation is based on which of the following? A. Content B. Neural response C. Validity D. Longevity

A

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by A. the distance that must be traveled through the network. B. the typicality of the information contained in each concept. C. the amount of information contained in each concept. D. the representativeness of the information contained in each concept.

A

A mental image could be useful for which of the following tasks? A. Coming up with directions you your apartment. B. All of these C. Trying to figure out a way to fit you hair dryer in your suitcase. D. Describing what your childhood home looked like.

B

In the prototypes demonstration you were asked to examine a series of dot patterns. What did the demonstration predict participants would do? A. Respond more slowly to prototype patterns than to new variants and variants used in the training phase B. Respond more quickly to prototype patterns than to new variants C. Respond more quickly to new variants than to prototype patterns D. Respond more quickly to new variants than to variants already used in the training phase

B

Kosslyn's island experiment used the ___________ procedure. A. mental walk B. mental scanning C. categorization D. priming

B

Mental imagery involves A. the misrepresentation of a stimulus as possessing physical attributes that are, in fact, absent. B. experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input. C. mental representations of the current sensory inputs. D. sensory representations of a stimulus.

B

Suppose we ask people to perform the following cognitive tasks. Which is LEAST likely to strongly activate the visual cortex? A. Imagine a tic-tac-toe game proceeding from start to finish. B. Imagine the meaning of the word "ethics." C. Imagine a typical unsharpened pencil. Approximate its length in inches. D. Imagine your car first from far away and then how it looks as you walk closer to it.

B

Two different definitions of ___________ offered by your book include (a) "the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b) "categories of objects, events, and abstract ideas." A. units B. concepts C. prototypes D. exemplars

B

Which of the choices best represents cognitive economy in the following sentence? The property _______is stored at the _______node. A. Bird; penguin B. Can fly; bird C. Can fly; canary D. Has feathers; ostrich

B

Amedi and coworkers (2005) used fMRI to investigate the differences between brain activation for perception and imagery. Their findings showed that when participants were ___________, some areas associated with nonvisual sensation (such as hearing and touch) were ___________. A. perceiving stimuli; activated B. perceiving stimuli; deactivated C. using visual images; deactivated D. using visual images; activated

C

The "imagery debate" is concerned with whether imagery A. actually exists. B. is identical for all people. C. is based on spatial or language mechanisms. D. can be used to inform nonvisual sensory systems.

C

Prototypes are useful because they ... A. offer substitute concepts to fill in blanks. B. replace existing images of concepts. C. provide an outline for future memory building. D. act as an efficient way to categorize concepts that may have numerous variants.

D

Shepard and Metzler's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated A. that humans can only perform mental rotation on "real-world" objects. B. that humans cannot successfully rotate mental images beyond 90 degrees. C. how easy mental rotation is for humans. D. imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms.

D

The mental rotation demonstration predicts that when comparing two shapes that are in fact the same, a participant's reaction time will have what type of relationship with the number of degrees the second shape is rotated from the first shape? A. Logarithmic B. Random C. Exponential D. Linear

D

The propositional approach may use any of the following EXCEPT A. abstract symbols. B. an equation. C. a statement. D. a spatial layout.

D

Why is it difficult to understand mental imagery using only introspection? A. Peoples introspections widely vary B. Introspection is subjective C. People sometimes describe the same things differently D. All of these

D