psych final
Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian
Albert Bandura
If parents are to lenient in the _____ stage the child might become mess, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts
Anal
Henry is a juror number 4 in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only on that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of ______ effect.
Asch
Ashely and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called
Consumate
The_____ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African americans, using images that related to African american culture
Contemporized themes
Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because________
I am unlovable
A(n) _______ Complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society
Inferiority
Carl Jung referred to the_______ as the mask we adopt
Persona
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? It is well established that long (aerobic) but not short (anaerobic) duration exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health.
The phrase "but not" should be changed to the world :proven"
What should be changed to make the following statement true? jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood
The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In high-stress humans, exercise has been shown to prevent telomere lengthening
The word "lengthening" should be changed to the word "Shortening"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learning to associate events that repeatedly happen together
The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system
The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.
The word "socialization" should be changed to "sexuality"
Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is the most accurate
There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment
Jennifer tends to live by the don't sweat small stuff concept. Jennifer has a ______ personality
Type B
a charitable organization makes an average of 10 calls for every donation it receives
Variable ratio
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorists listed first
Wundt, Freud, Chomsky
According to Carl Jung, Which of the following best served the goal of self-relization
balance between extroversion and introversion
Why is psychology considered a social science
behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our intentions with others
Sandra writes a paper using the sources that find a negative association with daycare attendance. This is an example of_____
confirmation bias
a_______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship
confounding variable
What did Lashley developed by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete the same task?
equipotentiallity hypothesis
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ____ train
extroversion
Which of the following is not par of feminist psychology
favoring women over men
the _____ is controlled by the experimenter
independent variable
People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know the correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess_____ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group corm of recycling
informational
Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids, attention. Carl Jung would call her a(n)
introvert
Who is the best sister ever?
jackie
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the_____ trait
neuroticism
Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television
normative
an______ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest
opperational definition
simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes_____
placebo effect
When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called______
reciprictory
What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest what would happen if the hippocampus was dammaged
another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus
The________ is composed of a series of true or false questions in order to establish an individuals clinical profile
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory MMPI
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the
Myers-Briggs Type indicator
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the because she constantly practices. Julia Rotter would say Jessica has______
an internal locus of control
Who said "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"
Albert Bandura
Who developed social cognitive theory
Albert bandura
According to Sigmund Freud, and adult who smokes, drinks, over eats, or bites her nails is fixated i n the ______ stage of her psychosexual development
Oral
Self efficacy is
Our level of confidence in our own ability
An archetype is a
Pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Which of the following about social psychology is most accurate
People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations
The________ inkblot test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to revel the person unconscious desires, fears, and struggles
Rorschach
Following an outcome,_______ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light
Self-serving Bias
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In social learning theory, B.F. Skinner identified three types of models :live, verbal, and symbolic
The name "B.F. Skinner" should be changed to "Albert Bandura"
What can be changed to make the following sentence is true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and can be produced or exacerbated by psychological fctors
The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.
The work "Acquisition" should be changed to the word "Recovery"
Kim believed he failed his math test because the test was too hard. Julia Rotter would sat that Kim has
an external locus of control
What is the just-world hypothesis
an ideology common in the united states that people get the outcomes they deserve
Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuassion
anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokesperson advocating for reduction in cigarette use
Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion
anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to_________
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
______ research uses past records or data sets to investigating research questions or to look for patterns or relationships
archival
Which of the following is not a way we tent to think personality? Our personalities_______
are mutable
________ is a stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes
biofeedback
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development
climate of sexual repression
Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person and makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from his contradiction, which is also called______
cognitive dissonance
Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called____
companionate
The Milgram experiment required the participation of a _______ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked
confederate
Mark and Rosa commit and support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called_____
empty
Which of the following statements about encoding id incorrect
encoding involves the input if information into the memory system
_____ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
euostress
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conslusions
experimental
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct
eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion
Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called
fatutious
What is the main idea of social learning theory
fear is a conditioned response
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it _________
forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart
Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she has a bad day. Lee is making a _____
fundamental attribution error
In the ____ stage there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urge resurfaces. The young person redirects the urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other sex-parent)
genital
Which of the following is the best example of the foot in the door technique
getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarets, then asking them to quit altogether
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence
giving them unconditional love
Which statement about groupthink is correct
group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus
Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior
group processes
The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on__________
healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion , and minfdulness
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: when she doesn't purchase her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has_______
high-self efficacy
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor
how a threat is perceived
As the "third force" in psychology________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorist' view of humans passively reacting to the enviroment
humanism
What is the main idea of levels of processing theory
if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link in to other information and memories to make it more meaningful
Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmine has an ___________ bias
in-group
Which of the following best defines the Asch effect
influence of one person on the creation of a large group goal
A group of preschool-age children re enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a ______ design
logitudinal
The relaxation response is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________
meditaiton
Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help your remember the names on all 50 states
memorize five states at a time- group the information into a more manageable size
What is the set of process used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?
memory
Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of the people and situations. Lydia exemplifies______
optomism
Which of the following experiments involves the use of the social learning theory?
pairing a puff of air to the eye with a handshake to see how long it will take someone to blink before offering her hand
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory
people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more cost than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consumate love
When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________
person's knowledge about the sequence of events on a specific setting
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of___
personality
Optimism is a tendency toward a______
positive outlook and positive expectations
Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contended lives
positive psychology
Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress. He uses the internet to look up other jobs. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using
problem focused
Behaviorists all focus on
psychological responses that result in action
Maria is black and is attending a college with a predominantly white population. Maria is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the ______ strategy for coping with racism
racial identity
Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called
replication
In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________; the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal
scapegoating
A____ is a graphical View of the strength and direction of a correlation
scatterplot
According to Maslow, the highest need is
self-actualization
Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job: therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________
self-serving bias
David attempts to minimize the cost of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but her tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the _____ theory.
social exchange
What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment
social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism
some research shows anger suppression is is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by______
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental process
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory
suggest that our birth order shapes our persoality
Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism
teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism
Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?
wanting to quit
Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior
watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
Because we have developed certain response tendencies,_______ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns
B.F. skinner
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day to day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could_____ if used rigidly and compulsively
Become neurotic strategies
What is the main idea of operant conditioning?
Behavior is a motivated consequence we receive for the behavior: reinforcement and punishment
Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior is associated with a consequence. What kind of learning is this?
Classical conditioning
A high stress job, Overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a
Demanding or threatening event situation
Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect
Different aspects of love are hierarchical
What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert?
Emotions can be conditioned response
How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?
Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our conscious
In the study of personality, the _______ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion
Five Factor
A teenager receives an allowance every saturday
Fixed interval
Going to the cafeteria to see if the next meal is ready
Fixed interval
A blueberry picker receives $1 after filling 3 pint boxes
Fixed ratio
Josh's final grade improve 1 level for every 3 book reports submitted
Fixed ratio
Which statement about B.F. Skinner is correct
He is famous for demonstrating the principle of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstraited
Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment
It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
change the word "transitional" to the word " sensory"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? the steps of recall, which is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered in order to move it from STM into long-term memory, is called memory consolidation.
change the work "recall" to the word "rehearsal"
Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied
children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied
Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a _______
daily hassel
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease
depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart diseas
which of the following is not involved in critical thinking
knowing your opinion is correct
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he could succeed. Albert Bandura would say Dan has______
low self-efficacy
Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions are physically attracted to each other but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called____
romantic
The______ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next
Collective unconscious
is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
Congruence
Which of the following is an example of self-serving bias
Leonard attributes a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is and exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade on the teacher
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children, he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. HE often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using
Moving against people
on a graph a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicates
a strong correlation
Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a ______ stressor
acute
the ____ group does not get the experimental treatment
control
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces
coping
______ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables
correlation
Which kind of psychological area does the work or Jean Piaget exemplify?
developmental psychology
_____ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating
distress
researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participants beliefs and/or the experimenters beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a _____ study
double-blind
What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert
emotion can be a conditioned response
Oleksiy is a adjunct professor in the department of fine arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork. What type of coping approach is Olekisy using?
emotion focused
which of the following statements about the Stroop effect is true?
the amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory
What is the main idea of the Stroop effect
the brain identifies colors more readily than words
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? in classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent
the word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Long-term memory has two parts: semantic memory and episodic memory
the word "long-term" should be changed to "declarative"
research shows that people who smoke cigarets are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that
there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
What is the major criticism of both the stimulus- and response-based definitions of stress?
these definitions provide a complete definition of stress
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health
they tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors
A basic experiment involves a minimum of _______ participation groups
two
Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation
+.2
Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation
-.9
Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?
Knowing that a student fears exams the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes the object of fear to the student
During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school. friendship, hobbies, and sports
Latency
According to Albert Bandura _____.
Learning can occur by watching others modeling what they do or say
What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?
Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality
Freud
Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress
Gary Schwarts
Based on the discussion in the text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups
Having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task
Which of the statements about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect
He disagreed with John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?
He is known for establishing the principle of classical conditioning
Which of the following is false about John B. Watson
He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove fear is both instinct and reflex
Who proposed the locus of control concept
Julian rotter
Immanuel Kant use the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a _____ person
Phlegmatic
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?
Rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they can not give birth
Sigmund freud
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________
Social psychology
How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function?
Stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefit
The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism"
Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the united states
The rise of behaviorism overshadowed gestalt psychology
In carl Jungs view the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of _____ in the second half of life
The self-realization process
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior
The word "Asch should be changed to "Zimbardo"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain
The word "Hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental"
what do structuralism, gestalt psychology, and Freud have in common
They were all concerned with describing and understanding inner experience
Tome believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence: however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of_____
actor-observer bias
if the principles of social learning theory are true, then children model aggressive behavior_____.
after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
an individuals personality develops throughout the lifespan
The concept of perceived control refers to
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned:_________
beliefs and expectations
the possible range for a correlation coefficient is_____
between -1 and +1
Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers form dementia. This is an example of a _______ stressor
chronic
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the _____ trait
conscientiousness
Palo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting ti eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing< Palo is experiencing_______
flow
_________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity: it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endevors
flow
Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from
job burnout
Factory worker, supermarket cashier, and short-order cook are all examples of occupations with high levels of ______
job strain
Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in_______.
memory impairment on various tasks, such as objects recognition and maze running
What is groupthink?
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus
when Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a primitive heideaway
moving away from people
A negative correlation means_______
one variable decreases as the other increases
Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. he remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ______ encoding
sematic
Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial hep are all examples of ________
social support
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of
social support
Which of the following is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy
telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort
Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism
the process what highly subjective
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through
the use of reinforcement and punishment
