psych final

Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian

Albert Bandura

If parents are to lenient in the _____ stage the child might become mess, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts

Anal

Henry is a juror number 4 in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only on that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of ______ effect.

Asch

Ashely and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called

Consumate

The_____ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African americans, using images that related to African american culture

Contemporized themes

Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because________

I am unlovable

A(n) _______ Complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society

Inferiority

Carl Jung referred to the_______ as the mask we adopt

Persona

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? It is well established that long (aerobic) but not short (anaerobic) duration exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health.

The phrase "but not" should be changed to the world :proven"

What should be changed to make the following statement true? jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In high-stress humans, exercise has been shown to prevent telomere lengthening

The word "lengthening" should be changed to the word "Shortening"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learning to associate events that repeatedly happen together

The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system

The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.

The word "socialization" should be changed to "sexuality"

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is the most accurate

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment

Jennifer tends to live by the don't sweat small stuff concept. Jennifer has a ______ personality

Type B

a charitable organization makes an average of 10 calls for every donation it receives

Variable ratio

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorists listed first

Wundt, Freud, Chomsky

According to Carl Jung, Which of the following best served the goal of self-relization

balance between extroversion and introversion

Why is psychology considered a social science

behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our intentions with others

Sandra writes a paper using the sources that find a negative association with daycare attendance. This is an example of_____

confirmation bias

a_______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship

confounding variable

What did Lashley developed by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete the same task?

equipotentiallity hypothesis

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ____ train

extroversion

Which of the following is not par of feminist psychology

favoring women over men

the _____ is controlled by the experimenter

independent variable

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know the correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess_____ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group corm of recycling

informational

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids, attention. Carl Jung would call her a(n)

introvert

Who is the best sister ever?

jackie

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the_____ trait

neuroticism

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television

normative

an______ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest

opperational definition

simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes_____

placebo effect

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called______

reciprictory

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest what would happen if the hippocampus was dammaged

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

The________ is composed of a series of true or false questions in order to establish an individuals clinical profile

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory MMPI

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the

Myers-Briggs Type indicator

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the because she constantly practices. Julia Rotter would say Jessica has______

an internal locus of control

Who said "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"

Albert Bandura

Who developed social cognitive theory

Albert bandura

According to Sigmund Freud, and adult who smokes, drinks, over eats, or bites her nails is fixated i n the ______ stage of her psychosexual development

Oral

Self efficacy is

Our level of confidence in our own ability

An archetype is a

Pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Which of the following about social psychology is most accurate

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

The________ inkblot test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to revel the person unconscious desires, fears, and struggles

Rorschach

Following an outcome,_______ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light

Self-serving Bias

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In social learning theory, B.F. Skinner identified three types of models :live, verbal, and symbolic

The name "B.F. Skinner" should be changed to "Albert Bandura"

What can be changed to make the following sentence is true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and can be produced or exacerbated by psychological fctors

The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

The work "Acquisition" should be changed to the word "Recovery"

Kim believed he failed his math test because the test was too hard. Julia Rotter would sat that Kim has

an external locus of control

What is the just-world hypothesis

an ideology common in the united states that people get the outcomes they deserve

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuassion

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokesperson advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to_________

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

______ research uses past records or data sets to investigating research questions or to look for patterns or relationships

archival

Which of the following is not a way we tent to think personality? Our personalities_______

are mutable

________ is a stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes

biofeedback

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development

climate of sexual repression

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person and makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from his contradiction, which is also called______

cognitive dissonance

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called____

companionate

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a _______ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked

confederate

Mark and Rosa commit and support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called_____

empty

Which of the following statements about encoding id incorrect

encoding involves the input if information into the memory system

_____ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

euostress

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conslusions

experimental

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct

eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called

fatutious

What is the main idea of social learning theory

fear is a conditioned response

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it _________

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she has a bad day. Lee is making a _____

fundamental attribution error

In the ____ stage there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urge resurfaces. The young person redirects the urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other sex-parent)

genital

Which of the following is the best example of the foot in the door technique

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarets, then asking them to quit altogether

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence

giving them unconditional love

Which statement about groupthink is correct

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior

group processes

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on__________

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion , and minfdulness

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: when she doesn't purchase her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has_______

high-self efficacy

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor

how a threat is perceived

As the "third force" in psychology________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorist' view of humans passively reacting to the enviroment

humanism

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory

if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link in to other information and memories to make it more meaningful

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmine has an ___________ bias

in-group

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect

influence of one person on the creation of a large group goal

A group of preschool-age children re enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a ______ design

logitudinal

The relaxation response is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________

meditaiton

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help your remember the names on all 50 states

memorize five states at a time- group the information into a more manageable size

What is the set of process used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of the people and situations. Lydia exemplifies______

optomism

Which of the following experiments involves the use of the social learning theory?

pairing a puff of air to the eye with a handshake to see how long it will take someone to blink before offering her hand

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory

people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more cost than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consumate love

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________

person's knowledge about the sequence of events on a specific setting

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of___

personality

Optimism is a tendency toward a______

positive outlook and positive expectations

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contended lives

positive psychology

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress. He uses the internet to look up other jobs. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using

problem focused

Behaviorists all focus on

psychological responses that result in action

Maria is black and is attending a college with a predominantly white population. Maria is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the ______ strategy for coping with racism

racial identity

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called

replication

In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________; the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

scapegoating

A____ is a graphical View of the strength and direction of a correlation

scatterplot

According to Maslow, the highest need is

self-actualization

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job: therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________

self-serving bias

David attempts to minimize the cost of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but her tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the _____ theory.

social exchange

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism

some research shows anger suppression is is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by______

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental process

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory

suggest that our birth order shapes our persoality

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?

wanting to quit

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets

Because we have developed certain response tendencies,_______ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns

B.F. skinner

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day to day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could_____ if used rigidly and compulsively

Become neurotic strategies

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is a motivated consequence we receive for the behavior: reinforcement and punishment

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior is associated with a consequence. What kind of learning is this?

Classical conditioning

A high stress job, Overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a

Demanding or threatening event situation

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect

Different aspects of love are hierarchical

What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert?

Emotions can be conditioned response

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our conscious

In the study of personality, the _______ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion

Five Factor

A teenager receives an allowance every saturday

Fixed interval

Going to the cafeteria to see if the next meal is ready

Fixed interval

A blueberry picker receives $1 after filling 3 pint boxes

Fixed ratio

Josh's final grade improve 1 level for every 3 book reports submitted

Fixed ratio

Which statement about B.F. Skinner is correct

He is famous for demonstrating the principle of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstraited

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

change the word "transitional" to the word " sensory"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? the steps of recall, which is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered in order to move it from STM into long-term memory, is called memory consolidation.

change the work "recall" to the word "rehearsal"

Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied

children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a _______

daily hassel

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease

depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart diseas

which of the following is not involved in critical thinking

knowing your opinion is correct

Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he could succeed. Albert Bandura would say Dan has______

low self-efficacy

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions are physically attracted to each other but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called____

romantic

The______ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next

Collective unconscious

is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar

Congruence

Which of the following is an example of self-serving bias

Leonard attributes a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is and exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade on the teacher

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children, he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. HE often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using

Moving against people

on a graph a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicates

a strong correlation

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a ______ stressor

acute

the ____ group does not get the experimental treatment

control

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces

coping

______ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables

correlation

Which kind of psychological area does the work or Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

_____ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating

distress

researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participants beliefs and/or the experimenters beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a _____ study

double-blind

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert

emotion can be a conditioned response

Oleksiy is a adjunct professor in the department of fine arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork. What type of coping approach is Olekisy using?

emotion focused

which of the following statements about the Stroop effect is true?

the amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect

the brain identifies colors more readily than words

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? in classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent

the word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Long-term memory has two parts: semantic memory and episodic memory

the word "long-term" should be changed to "declarative"

research shows that people who smoke cigarets are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

What is the major criticism of both the stimulus- and response-based definitions of stress?

these definitions provide a complete definition of stress

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health

they tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors

A basic experiment involves a minimum of _______ participation groups

two

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation

+.2

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation

-.9

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

Knowing that a student fears exams the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes the object of fear to the student

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school. friendship, hobbies, and sports

Latency

According to Albert Bandura _____.

Learning can occur by watching others modeling what they do or say

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality

Freud

Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress

Gary Schwarts

Based on the discussion in the text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups

Having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Which of the statements about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect

He disagreed with John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?

He is known for establishing the principle of classical conditioning

Which of the following is false about John B. Watson

He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove fear is both instinct and reflex

Who proposed the locus of control concept

Julian rotter

Immanuel Kant use the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a _____ person

Phlegmatic

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

Rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they can not give birth

Sigmund freud

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________

Social psychology

How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function?

Stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefit

The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism"

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the united states

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed gestalt psychology

In carl Jungs view the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of _____ in the second half of life

The self-realization process

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior

The word "Asch should be changed to "Zimbardo"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain

The word "Hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental"

what do structuralism, gestalt psychology, and Freud have in common

They were all concerned with describing and understanding inner experience

Tome believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence: however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of_____

actor-observer bias

if the principles of social learning theory are true, then children model aggressive behavior_____.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

an individuals personality develops throughout the lifespan

The concept of perceived control refers to

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned:_________

beliefs and expectations

the possible range for a correlation coefficient is_____

between -1 and +1

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers form dementia. This is an example of a _______ stressor

chronic

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the _____ trait

conscientiousness

Palo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting ti eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing< Palo is experiencing_______

flow

_________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity: it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endevors

flow

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from

job burnout

Factory worker, supermarket cashier, and short-order cook are all examples of occupations with high levels of ______

job strain

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in_______.

memory impairment on various tasks, such as objects recognition and maze running

What is groupthink?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

when Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a primitive heideaway

moving away from people

A negative correlation means_______

one variable decreases as the other increases

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. he remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ______ encoding

sematic

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial hep are all examples of ________

social support

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of

social support

Which of the following is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism

the process what highly subjective

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through

the use of reinforcement and punishment