Psych Quiz 5

Elizabeth Loftus' research determined that

what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event

Explicit memory begins to form after about age 2 developed

when the hippocampusis more fully

One major drawback to having the memory ability that Jill Price has is that _______________.

you would remember the painful details of all the negative things that have happened to you too.

There are __________ people in the United States who have been tested and confirmed to have the same memory abilities that Jill Price has.

20

Why do flashbulb memories seem so vivid and exact?

Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of long-term memories

Selective attention involves being able to focus on multiple stimuli at the same time

F

_______ syndrome refers to the creation of inaccurate of false memories through the suggestion of others, often while the person is under hypnosis

False memory

Which brain parts have been associated with changes in attention?

Frontal lobe Reticular formation. Brainstem

Which of the following best describes psychologist John Kihlstrom's comments when talking about Bartlett's book on memory?

Memory is more like making up a story than it is like reading a book.

In one study with depressed patients who were being treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), patients were tested for their memory of certain television programs both before and after the treatment. What was the result?

Patients forgot more recent programs but remembered older ones

The competing stimuli in this experiment were

People playing with a basketball and hands clapping.

_________ is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.

Selective attention

What is the best way for a person to overcome the tip of the tongue phenomenon?

Stop trying to remember the information you are trying to retrieve

In a study discussed in the textbook that researched the effects of different types of information on memory, subjects viewed a slide presentation of a traffic accident. The actual slide presentation contained a stop sign, but in a written summary of the presentation the sign was referred to as a yield sign. What were the results of this study?

Subjects who were given misleading information after viewing the slides were far less accurate in their memories for the kind of sign present than were subjects who were given no such information.

Selective attention is required when performing tasks like taking notes or taking a test

T

Research on __________has implications for understanding learning and attention disorders, autism, and intelligence

Working Memory

in terms of the way the brain processes information, the functions similar to which?

a computer

Psychologists consider memory to be

an active system

A research study found that people who look at real visual images and then are asked to simply imagine looking at visual images

are often unable to later distinguish between the images they had really seen and the imagined images.

Ebbinghaus's __________ shows that forgetting happens quickly, within the first hour after learning the lists, and then tapers off gradually.

curve of forgetting

Memory for facts is called_______ memory because facts are things that are known and can be stated outright.

declarative

2 subtypes of longterm memory?

declarative and procedural

According to Craik and Lockhart, information that is _________ will be remembered more effectively and for a longer period of time.

deeply processed

The phrase "use it or lose it" refers to which theory of forgetting?

disuse

The most efficient way of transferring short-term memory into long-term memory is by using

elaborative rehearsal

one may transfer information from STM into LTM by

elaborative rehearsal

Brenda called mike while he was in the middle of the meeting to ask him to pick up some milk on his way home from work . when mike got home he didn't have the milk, and brenda was angry.mike may have experienced

encoding failure

what are three main steps in creating and making use of memories?

encoding, storage, retrieval

After his accident, Bryan had trouble remembering facts and events that were related to his personal life history. He was suffering from a loss of _______ memory.

episodic

what is sensory memory?

fleeting, visual, auditory, and tactile memories of percieved objects

Marcos and his friends enjoy watching football together on Sundays. After some of the games are over, Marcos tells his friends that he knew all along who would will the game. Marcos' belief that he could predict the outcome of some of the games without having been told the winners in advance is an example of

hindsight bias

The ______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for the formation of new long-term declarative memories.

hippocampus

As opposed to ___ memories, ___ memories are easily made conscious.

implicit and explicit

In their original study, which explored how information is stored in long-term memory, Collins and Quillian (1969) asked participants to respond "true" or "false" as quickly as possible to sentences such as "a canary is a bird" and "a canary is an animal." The results of this study suggest that

information exists in a kind of network, with nodes of related information linked to each other in a kind of hierarchy.

what major role does the hippocampus play in processing memories?

it organizes information that is collected in the cerebral cortex

To help students learn new psychology terms, Professor Williams encourages the students to think deeply about the meaning of the words by asking them to provide examples of each term, and to use each one in a sentence. Professor Williams is using which model of memory?

levels-of-processing

The fact that everyone remembers that George Washington was the first president points to the primacy effect as a result of

long-term memory storage

On the way to the grocery store, James repeats his list to himself--"Bread, milk, butter. Bread, milk, butter...." James is using

maintenance rehearsal

A(n) ________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional memory ability.

mnemonist

the _______ can be used to explain how rapidly the points on the semantic network can be accessed

parallel distributed processing model

Marcia dated Davio for several years. They recently broke up and Marcia went out on a date, Marcia mistakenly called him Davio. This is an example of

proactive interferenc

If you move from the United States to England and have trouble adjusting to driving on the left side of the road, you are experiencing

proactive interference

Jill Price was born with the ability to _____________.

remember every detail from every day of her life

Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle's experience illustrates the importance of

retrieval cues in memory

Mrs. Tuttle was 97 years old and suffered from forgetfulness and mental confusion. She was probably expeterm-40riencing

senile dementia

In the information-processing model, the first stage of memory is ____ memory.

sensory

The _______ effect suggest that the first and last person interviewed for a job will be better remembered by the interviewer than all the people in the middle

serial position

The system of working memory processes the information in

short-term memory

The ability to remember every detail of your life is called ________

superior autobiographical memory

On the internet, each website has its own specific information but is also linked to many other related sites. in addition, a person can have open more than one site at the same time. This pattern of organization may be very similar to how

the mind organizes the information stored in long- term memory

On the internet, each website has its own specific information but is also linked to many other related sites. In addition, a person can have open more than one site at the same time. This pattern of organization may be very similar to how

the mind organizes the information stored in long-term memory

An eyewitness was asked to testify in court about her memory of a crime that took place on her street. Prior to her testimony, an attorney provided her with a written statement from another neighbor who also viewed the crime. As a result of reading her neighbor's statement which was different from her own, the accuracy of her memory was altered, which eventually affected her testimony. This is an example of

the misinformation effect

Jill Price can only remember _______________.

things that are of interest to her