Psych review
Industrial psychologist
A(n) _____ primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work.
False
According to Freud, moderate gratification in any stage could lead to fixation in that stage and to the development of traits that are characteristic of the stage
False
According to Jeffrey Arnett, the age of self-focus is characterized by adults experimenting with careers and romantic possibilities.
False
According to Piaget, objective responsibility is the assignment of blame according to the motives of the actor rather than the amount of damage done.
False
According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive
True
According to the cognitive-dissonance theory, we are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain.
False
According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research
True
As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.
True
Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference.
Population
Carl is conducting a study to determine the effects of the new technology-assisted learning methods among students. As part of this study, he has selected a group of university students, male and female, in the age group of 18 to 24 years. These students have been using the new methods of learning. In terms of research methodology, this group best describes a _____
False
Cognitive psychologists explain the outcome of classical conditioning in terms of the publicly observable conditions of learning
False
Cross-cultural research reveals that people in the United States and many northern European nations tend to be collectivists.
False
Elevated blood pressure is a psychological symptom of anxiety disorders.
False
Emotions do not involve behavioral tendencies.
False
Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction
False
Jane is working overtime to exceed her sales targets so that she gets a higher income. The higher income, in this scenario, is an intrinsic reward
False
Joshua wants to do well in academics to get his parents' approval and appreciation. This is an example of a physiological need.
False
Media violence and aggressive video games decrease viewers' level of emotional arousal.
False
People share similar psychological needs because people's biological makeups are similar.
True
Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion.
False
Stimulus motives provide an evolutionary disadvantage
False
Structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.
False
Students who obtain higher grades are more likely to behave aggressively following exposure to violent video games
False
Suppression and nonconscious processes are Freudian concepts, whereas repression is a non-Freudian concept.
False
The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions cause our behavioral responses to events
False
The belief that one is in control of a panic attack heightens anxiety
False
The central symptom of generalized anxiety disorder is persistent anxiety that can be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.
False
The hippocampus is an area of the brain where memories are stored.
False
The method of savings was devised by Ebbinghaus in order to study the efficiency of recall
False
The organ of Corti is a membrane that lies coiled within the cochlea.
False
The pineal gland secretes prolactin.
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of biologically oriented psychologists?
They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking
False
Unlike babbling, crying and cooing are inborn and prelinguistic.
False
When the eyeball is too short, the images of nearby objects are focused in front of the retina, causing farsightedness.
He suggested that one could think of behavior in terms of a body and a mind
Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?
True
Experimentation is the gold standard for research in psychology.
False
In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.
False
In an experiment, the presence of dependent variables does not depend on the independent variables.
False
In male adolescents, ejaculatory ability is the evidence of reproductive capacity.
False
In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego.
True
In the context of classical conditioning, the cognitive focus is on the information learned by the organism.
False
In the context of humanistic therapies, client-centered therapy is directive in nature.
False
In the context of processes of memory, storage modifies information so that it can be placed in memory.
False
In the context of specific phobias, acrophobia is the fear of snakes
False
In the context of stress, predictability is of greater benefit to externals—that is, to people who wish to exercise control over their situations—than to internals
False
In the context of the alarm reaction, once a threat is removed, the body returns to a higher state of arousal.
False
Personality psychologists are concerned with the nature and causes of individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behavior in social situations.
False
Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud but not the method of psychotherapy he had developed.
True
Psychological states such as anxiety and depression can impair the functioning of the immune system.
