Psych Test 1: Chapter 2 study questions

plasticity

if you lose a foo, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the formerly adjoined leg. This best illustrates the value of

irritability.

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

thalamus

which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

oxytocin

which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?

an action potential

which of the following is most clearly characterized by a temporary inflow of positively charged sodium ions through an axon membrane?

a PET scan

which of the following would be particularly useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?

frontal lobes

which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved making plans and formulating moral judgments?

neural networks

while listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different

agonist.

A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap is a(n)

cell

A neuron is best described as a(n)

attitudes

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.

personality traits

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children

severed spinal cord.

Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a(n)

synaptic gaps

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the

away from; toward

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body.

do all of these things.

An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to

ACh antagonist

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)

plasticity.

Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of

deoxyribonucleic acid.

Chromosomes are composed of

more similar in their risk of developing autism spectrum disorder and equally similar in risk of being emotionally unstable

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are

low; low

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine.

selective mating.

Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of

genetic predispositions.

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute the human tendency to fear spiders and snakes to

genome.

Evolutionary psychology most clearly suggests that human behavioral and biological similarities arise from our shared

nature-nurture interactions

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are most clearly highlighting the importance of

substance use disorders.

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to

left cerebral hemisphere

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

: epigenetic marks.

Researchers studying mice have found that in utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored fur. This is best explained by the fact that genetically linked traits can be modified by

sleeping cat to awaken.

Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a

bladder contractions.

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls

sensory and motor neurons.

The peripheral nervous system consists of

epigenetics

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

natural selection.

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

ACh

The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.

raises; raises

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and ________ blood sugar levels.

occipital lobes.

The visual cortex is located in the

synaptic gap.

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the

EEG.

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)

fraternal twins who were raised apart.

Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

frontal

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking?

amygdala

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?

mutations

Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?

medulla.

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

cerebellum

after suffering an accident brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her

raises; dilates

as needed, the sympathetic nervous system __________ blood sugar levels and _________ the pupils of the eyes.

endorphins

natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

motor cortex

the brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers

brainstem

the brain's oldest region is the

glands

the endocrine system consists of

hypothalamus

the limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

helps process explicit memoires for storage

the limbic system's hippocampus

association areas

the regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as

lateralization

the right hemisphere of Julie's brain is better then her left hemisphere at recognizing facial expressions of emotion. This best illustrates

interneurons

the vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are