Psych Test 1: Chapter 2 study questions
plasticity
if you lose a foo, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the formerly adjoined leg. This best illustrates the value of
irritability.
Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by
thalamus
which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
oxytocin
which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?
an action potential
which of the following is most clearly characterized by a temporary inflow of positively charged sodium ions through an axon membrane?
a PET scan
which of the following would be particularly useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?
frontal lobes
which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved making plans and formulating moral judgments?
neural networks
while listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different
agonist.
A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap is a(n)
cell
A neuron is best described as a(n)
attitudes
Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.
personality traits
Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children
severed spinal cord.
Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a(n)
synaptic gaps
Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the
away from; toward
An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body.
do all of these things.
An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to
ACh antagonist
Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)
plasticity.
Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of
deoxyribonucleic acid.
Chromosomes are composed of
more similar in their risk of developing autism spectrum disorder and equally similar in risk of being emotionally unstable
Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are
low; low
Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine.
selective mating.
Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of
genetic predispositions.
Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute the human tendency to fear spiders and snakes to
genome.
Evolutionary psychology most clearly suggests that human behavioral and biological similarities arise from our shared
nature-nurture interactions
In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are most clearly highlighting the importance of
substance use disorders.
Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to
left cerebral hemisphere
Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.
: epigenetic marks.
Researchers studying mice have found that in utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored fur. This is best explained by the fact that genetically linked traits can be modified by
sleeping cat to awaken.
Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a
bladder contractions.
The autonomic nervous system most directly controls
sensory and motor neurons.
The peripheral nervous system consists of
epigenetics
The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of
natural selection.
The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of
ACh
The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.
raises; raises
The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and ________ blood sugar levels.
occipital lobes.
The visual cortex is located in the
synaptic gap.
To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the
EEG.
To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)
fraternal twins who were raised apart.
Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are
frontal
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking?
amygdala
Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?
mutations
Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?
medulla.
Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the
cerebellum
after suffering an accident brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her
raises; dilates
as needed, the sympathetic nervous system __________ blood sugar levels and _________ the pupils of the eyes.
endorphins
natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called
motor cortex
the brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers
brainstem
the brain's oldest region is the
glands
the endocrine system consists of
hypothalamus
the limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the
helps process explicit memoires for storage
the limbic system's hippocampus
association areas
the regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as
lateralization
the right hemisphere of Julie's brain is better then her left hemisphere at recognizing facial expressions of emotion. This best illustrates
interneurons
the vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are