psych test 4 part 2

An 8-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of A.) 80 B.) 125 C.) 180 D.) 75

B.) 125

_____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions (information) about reality. A.) Normative social influence B.) Informational social influence C.) Situational attributions D.) Dispositional attributions

B.) Informational social influence

Effective managers often demonstrate ________ levels of task leadership and ________ levels of social leadership. A. high; low B. low; high C. low; low D. high; high

D

In Solomon Asch's conformity experiments, researchers find that conformity to the group increases when: A.) one is made to feel insecure. B.) one admires the group's status. C.) the group is unanimous. D.) All of the above

D.) All of the above

In Stanley Milgram's experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was _____ the experimenter and _____ the "learner." A. close to; far from B. close to; close to C. far from; close to D. far from; far from

A

Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a ________ awareness of the passing of time.

diminished; diminished

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personality

fundamental attribution error

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of:

normative social influence

_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality. A.) Normative social influence; informational social influence B.) Informational social influence; normative social influence C.) Situational attributions; dispositional attributions D.) Dispositional attributions; situational attributions

A.) Normative social influence; informational social influence

His experiments on obedience at Yale University are some of the most infamous and involved deception. A.) Stanley Milgram B.) Solomon Asch C.) Frances Cherry D.) Philip Zimbardo

A.) Stanley Milgram

According to the _____, people explain behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. A.) attribution theory B.) cognitive dissonance theory C.) psychoanalytic theory D.) social influence theory

A.) attribution theory

Researchers find that conformity to the group increases when all of these occur EXCEPT: A.) one is made to feel secure. B.) one admires the group's status. C.) the group is unanimous. D.) one admires the group's status and attractiveness.

A.) one is made to feel secure.

Malerie stops for a cup of coffee and the waitress yells at her when she sits at a table that has not been cleared. Malerie is convinced that the waitress should find another line of work—one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. However, Malerie disregards the possibility that the restaurant is short of help that day. She has just fallen prey to: A.) the fundamental attribution error. B.) confirmation bias. C.) the gender-typing bias. D.) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

A.) the fundamental attribution error.

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? A.) She can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant. B.) She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.d. from a prestigious university. C.) She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. D.) She can have a second confederate in the room who could model defiant behavior.

B.) She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.d. from a prestigious university.

As adults age, they show the greatest declines in: A.) crystallized intelligence B.) fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented information. C.) crystallized intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented info D.) fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recognize recently presented info

B.) fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented information.

The fundamental attribution error is more apparent in _____ than it is in _____. A. males; females B. females; males C. individualistic United States culture; East Asian cultures D. East Asian cultures; individualistic European countries

C. individualistic United States culture; East Asian cultures

Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualities associated with A. unit bias. B. recency errors. C. transformational leadership. D. command and control management.

C. transformational leadership.

In the original Milgram obedience experiment, men aged 20 to 50 had complied fully, right up to the last switch, _____ percent of the time. A.) 25 B.) 45 C.) 65 D.) 85

C.) 65

When people adjust their behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, they are exhibiting: A.) the mere exposure effect. B.) reciprocal determinism. C.) Conformity D.) the self-serving bias.

C.) Conformity

Dr. Cheng studies social influence. He is concerned because he is finding that the rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher. Which reason might account for this difference? A.) Dr. Cheng uses more stringent statistical procedures, making it more likely he will find the results he seeks. B.) Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country where the focus is on independent self, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that is sensitive to social norms. C.) Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that honors group standards, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism. D.) Dr. Cheng has only male participants, whereas his cousin has only female participants.

C.) Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that honors group standards, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

This afternoon, Mica's boss wants to meet with her. She is sure it is about the customers who complained about her yesterday. The best-case scenario would be for Mica's boss to decide that her behavior was the result of: A.) her personality traits. B.) a dispositional attribution. C.) a situational attribution. D.) None of these explanations would produce positive results.

C.) a situational attribution.

Juan's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them, even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which statement is NOT a reason strengthening Juan's conformity to the group? A.) His friends make him feel incompetent sometimes B.) He admires the group's status. C.) His culture strongly encourages respect for social standards. D.) All of these things are contributing to Juan's desire to conform to the group

D.) All of these things are contributing to Juan's desire to conform to the group

_____ psychologists explore how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. A.) Developmental B.) Cognitive C.) Psychoanalytic D.) Social

D.) Social

The SAT and GRE are examples of A.) IQ tests B.) achievement tests C.) performance test D.) aptitude tests

D.) aptitude tests

Marilyn thinks strict class attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). Her judgment BEST illustrates: A.) the mere exposure effect. B.) group polarization. C.) confirmation bias. D.) the fundamental attribution error.

D.) the fundamental attribution error.