psych unit 12 B

Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of a. a personality disorder. b. post-traumatic stress disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. a dissociative disorder.

A. a personality disorder

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by a. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. b. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. c. a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state of emotion. d. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. e. panic attacks caused by new, stressful situations.

A. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity

The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes. a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. parietal e. sensorimotor

A. frontal

A conversion disorder is a type of ________ disorder. a. somatic symptom b. personality c. dissociative d. anxiety e. mood

A. somatic symptom

Every week, Ruslan complains to a doctor about swollen glands, heart palpitations, constipation, or some other physical symptom. He is sure these symptoms are a sign of cancer, even though more than a dozen physicians have told him he is physically healthy. Ruslan's behavior is most characteristic of a(n) ________ disorder. a. somatic symptom b. generalized anxiety c. dissociative d. obsessive-compulsive e. personality

A. somatic symptom

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who have a(n) ________ disorder. a. dissociative b. antisocial personality c. dysthymic d. generalized anxiety e. obsessive-compulsive

B. antisocial personality

During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army psychiatrist, his blindness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a a. dissociative disorder. b. conversion disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. bipolar disorder. e. post-traumatic stress disorder.

B. conversion disorder

Experiencing physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, that make no physiological sense is indicative of a. schizophrenia. b. conversion disorder. c. dissociative disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder. e. personality disorder.

B. conversion disorder

Niesha demonstrates seven different personalities that appear to take turns controlling her behavior. Evidence that the same life memories are consciously experienced by all the alternate personalities would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her disorder. a. childhood sexual trauma b. dissociation c. motivational conflict d. role-playing e. attachment disorder

B. dissociation

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from a a. panic disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. phobia. d. generalized anxiety disorder. e. bipolar disorder.

B. dissociative disorder

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n) a. conversion disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder. e. schizophrenia.

B. dissociative identity disorder

Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. bipolar disorder. d. agoraphobia. e. schizophrenia.

B. dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the relationship between genetics and eating disorders? a. Eating disorders are not likely to be predisposed because they are caused by eating habits. b. Identical twins are more likely to share the disorder than fraternal twins. c. Body ideals in different cultures change the rates of eating disorders. d. Fraternal twins are more likely to share the disorder than identical twins. e. Higher rates of body dissatisfaction in women indicate a genetic predisposition for eating disorders.

B. identical twins are more likely to share disorder than fraternal twins

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of a. sleep. b. mood. c. appetite. d. memory. e. perception.

D. memory

A conversion disorder is most likely to be characterized by a. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. b. a continuous state of tensions, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal. c. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. d. very specific physical symptoms that have no apparent physiological basis. e. persistent, preoccupying thoughts that have no basis in reality.

D. very specific physical symtoms that have no apparent physiological basis

The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years most strongly suggests that symptoms of this disorder involve a. low self-esteem. b. illicit drug usage. c. promiscuous sexual behavior. d. internal attribution of blame. e. role-playing.

E. role playing

A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by a. a detachment from social relationships. b. shallow, attention-getting emotional displays. c. a sense of self-importance. d. an insatiable desire for attention. e. a fear of social rejection.

A. a detachment from social relationships

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by a. a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness. b. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. c. delusions of persecution and grandiosity. d. a lack of guilt feelings. e. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

A. a massive disoociation of self from ordinary consciousness

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse—but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise excessively—are said to have a. binge-eating disorder. b. anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. neophobia. e. set point.

A. binge-eating disorder

Twenty-two-year-old Tawana is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly snack foods and rich desserts. Fearful of becoming overweight, she frequently takes a laxative following episodes of binge eating. Tawana most clearly suffers from a. bulimia nervosa. b. anorexia nervosa. c. excess PYY. d. an abnormally high set point. e. hypermetabolism.

A. bulimia nervosa

Freud's efforts to understand and treat psychological disorders stemmed from his puzzlement over ________ disorders. a. conversion b. dissociative identity c. antisocial personality d. bipolar e. personality

A. conversion

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a a. personality disorder. b. somatic symptom disorder. c. mood disorder. d. dissociative disorder. e. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B. Somatic symtom disorder

Professor Lindstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates, and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a. instinct theory. b. a biopsychosocial approach. c. drive-reduction theory. d. the evolutionary perspective. e. a humanistic approach.

B. a biopsychosocial approach

Which of the following is a common misconception about anorexia nervosa? a. People with anorexia commonly drop 15 percent below normal body weight. b. Anorexia is only a women's illness. c. Those at risk for anorexia are not influenced by cultural factors. d. People with anorexia are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. e. Families of people with anorexia tend to be overprotective.

B. anorexia is only a womens illness

Marked deficits in frontal lobe cognitive functions, such as planning and organization, are associated with a. agoraphobia. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. panic disorder. e. schizophrenia.

B. antisocial personality diorder

Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who a. have physically abused their children. b. are high-achieving and protective. c. are able to afford adequate food supplies. d. are unconcerned about physical appearance and body weight. e. have difficulty expressing emotional attachments.

B. are high-achieving and protective

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from a. hypermetabolism. b. bulimia nervosa. c. an abnormally high set point. d. anorexia nervosa. e. obesity.

B. bulimia nervosa

The families of bulimia patients have a higher-than-usual incidence of a. sexual disorders. b. childhood obesity. c. excess PYY. d. unit bias. e. neophobia.

B. childhood obesity

Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is not simply a product of conscious role-playing is most clearly provided by the a. periodic intervals during which patients with this disorder become violent. b. distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities. c. inability of psychiatric experts to hypnotize patients with this disorder. d. dramatic increase in reported cases of this disorder during the past 40 or so years. e. overwhelming evidence for genetic predispositions related to dissociation.

B. distinct brain and body syayes associated with differing personlaities

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a. losses of 25 percent or more of normal weight. b. episodes of overeating followed by vomiting. c. the loss of regular menstrual periods. d. lifelong obesity. e. periods of unhealthy eating habits followed by starvation.

B. episodes of overeating followed by vomiting

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by a. a natural wariness of unfamiliar foods. b. mass media standards of appearance. c. bouts of depression and anxiety. d. the universal idealization of thinness. e. genetic predispositions in different cultures.

B. mass media standards od apperance

Saul frequently feels like he has a lump in his throat that makes it difficult for him to speak or swallow. Medical examinations, however, indicate that there is no apparent physical cause for these symptoms. Saul appears to be suffering from a a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. somatic symptom disorder. d. mood disorder. e. anxiety disorder.

C. Somatic nervous system

Researchers have found low levels of ________ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime as 18- to 26-year-olds. a. dopamine b. serotonin c. adrenaline d. acetylcholine e. testosterone

C. adrenaline

There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to a. post-traumatic stress disorder. b. phobias. c. antisocial personality disorder. d. dissociative disorders. e. generalized anxiety disorder.

C. antioscial personality disorder

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women? a. bipolar disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. dissociative identity disorder e. schizophrenia

C. antisocial personality disorder

One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. antisocial c. avoidant d. catatonic e. histrionic

C. avoidant

In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors? a. higher rates of childhood obesity b. competitive, high-achieving families c. childhood sexual abuse d. mother's preoccupation with weight and appearance e. higher-than-usual incidences of negative self-evaluation

C. childhood sexual abuse

Which of the following disorders was more common in Freud's day than it is today? a. depression b. anorexia nervosa c. conversion disorder d. dissociative identity disorder e. anxiety disorder

C. conversion disorder

Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms. a. role-playing b. sexual trauma c. dissociation d. motivational conflict e. childhood abuse

C. dissociationn

It has been suggested that the desperate efforts of traumatized victims to detach themselves from the experience of severe and prolonged abuse may contribute to a. bipolar disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. dissociative identity disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder. e. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C. dissociative identity diorder

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating. a. experience remorse b. gain weight c. engage in excessive exercise d. show increased glucose levels e. show decreased set point

C. engage in excessive exercise

Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. catatonia. c. illness anxiety disorder. d. mania. e. post-traumatic stress disorder.

C. illness anxiety disorder

Rachel is convinced that her occasional headaches are caused by a malignant brain tumor. Although several physicians have assured her that she has no serious physical problem, Rachel continues to seek medical attention for a brain tumor. Her behavior provides an example of a. dissociative disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. illness anxiety disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder. e. personality disorder.

C. illness anxiety disorder

Compared with people in many Western countries, people in China more often a. experience anorexia nervosa. b. suffer from bipolar disorders. c. report physical symptoms of psychological distress. d. exhibit dissociative identity disorder. e. show signs of mania.

C. report physical symptoms or psychological distress

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. avoidant b. narcissistic c. schizoid d. histrionic e. paranoid

C. schizoid

Individuals who are most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa are those who live in cultures that idealize a. erotic plasticity. b. homeostasis. c. thin bodies. d. set points. e. strong family relationships.

C. thin bodies

The psychologist who questioned whether DID is a genuine disorder is a. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. b. Kenneth Bianchi. c. William James. d. Nicholas Spanos. e. Martin Seligman.

D. Nicholas Spanos

The surging rates of violent crime in Western nations are best understood in terms of a. the medical model. b. an evolutionary perspective. c. psychoanalytic theory. d. a biopsychosocial approach. e. learning theory.

D. a biopschosocial approach

11. During a heated argument with his father, Mike was suddenly unable to move his right arm. Medical examinations are unable to detect a physiological basis for the paralysis. It is likely that Mike suffers from a. agoraphobia. b. illness anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a conversion disorder. e. delusions.

D. a conversion disorder

Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display a. a lack of guilt feelings. b. a sense of self-importance. c. shallow, attention-getting emotions. d. a fear of social rejection. e. a chronically depressed mood.

D. a fear of social rejection

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of a. bipolar disorder. b. schizophrenia. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. a personality disorder. e. a dissociative disorder.

D. a personality disorder

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by a. an unusually high rate of metabolism. b. cyclical fluctuations between extreme thinness and obesity. c. frequent migraine headaches. d. an obsessive fear of becoming obese. e. binge-eating episodes.

D. an obsessive fear of becoming obese

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from a. bulimia nervosa. b. obesity. c. an abnormally low set point. d. anorexia nervosa. e. hypermetabolism.

D. anorexia nervosa

The distinctive older term psychopath refers to an individual with a. schizophrenia. b. bipolar disease. c. dissociative identity disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder. e. paranoid personality disorder.

D. antisocial personality disorder

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are a. obsessions, compulsions, and delusions. b. genetics, culture, and self-awareness. c. optimism, pessimism, and perfectionism. d. anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity. e. depression, mania, and catatonia.

D. anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of a. panic disorder. b. phobia. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. dissociative disorder. e. catatonia.

D. dissociative disorder

A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the a. prevalence of schizophrenia throughout the world. b. fluctuations in mood experienced by those suffering a bipolar disorder. c. fear of snakes experienced by a high percentage of Americans. d. dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years. e. twin studies indicating high correlations in rates of psychological disorders between twins raised in different families.

D. dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display a. a lack of guilt feelings. b. delusions of persecution. c. apathy and lack of energy. d. dramatic, attention-getting behaviors. e. delusions and hallucinations.

D. dramtic, attention-getting behaviors

One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. avoidant b. schizoid c. catatonic d. histrionic e. acute

D. histrionic

Personality disorders are best described as a. symptoms of distress that are not caused by biological abnormalities. b. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of self-identity. c. patterns of delusional and disorganized thoughts and feelings. d. inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. e. prolonged periods of depressed mood or elevated/manic behavior.

D. inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders. a. acute b. free-floating c. reactive d. personality e. chronic

D. personality

Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of a. panic disorder. b. social phobia. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. post-traumatic stress disorder. e. personality disorders.

D. post-traumatic stress disorder

Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective. a. humanistic b. social-cognitive c. trait d. psychoanalytic e. biological

D. psychoanalytic

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve a. low self-esteem. b. unconscious fear. c. internal attributions of blame. d. role-playing. e. feelings of ambivalence.

D. role playing

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder. a. learned helplessness b. repression c. childhood sexual trauma d. role-playing e. motivational conflict

D. role playing

Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by a. a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. b. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. c. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. d. the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. e. constant fear of new, strange situations.

D. the misinterpretation of normal physical ensations as symptoms of a disease

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with a. an irrational fear of people. b. delusions of persecution. c. physical symptoms of distress. d. their own self-importance. e. sexual fantasies.

D. their own self-importance

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by a. delusions of grandeur. b. a persistent, irrational fear of people. c. episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal. d. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. e. a lack of guilt feelings.

E. a lack of huilt feelings

About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from a. hypermetabolism. b. excess PYY. c. an abnormally low set point. d. bulimia nervosa. e. anorexia nervosa.

E. anorexia nervosa

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. dysthymic disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. agoraphobia. e. dissociation.

E. dissociation

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders. a. bipolar b. obsessive-compulsive c. personality d. generalized anxiety e. dissociative

E. dissociative

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective. a. cognitive b. social-cognitive c. humanistic d. biological e. psychoanalytic

E. psychoanalytic