Psych unit 3

Cattell's research and use of factor analysis essentially scaled down many, many different ways of describing aspects of personality into __________ source traits.

16

Several studies have found nearly a __________ percent rate of heritability across several cultures with respect to the five-factor model of personality.

50

According to reports of Stanley Miligrams original studies, the most often cited statistic is that ___ percent of "teachers" will deliver shocks up to the point of being lethal.

65

Which of the following would NOT be effective in minimizing groupthink?

Caroline wants her team to openly vote by a show of hands either for or against her business plan

Which of the following statements concerning the self-concept is false?

It is formed based solely on what a person believes about himself or herself.

You have walked in late to class, and your psychology professor is explaining how one personality theorist sees personality as a relatively stable set of potential responses to various situations. You know immediately that your professor is talking about the theories of __________.

Julian Rotter

Which neo-Freudian believed personality was mostly a product of dealing with anxieties during childhood?

Karen Horney

Trait theories are less concerned with __________ and more concerned with __________.

changing personality, predicting personality

Mia's parents told her that they expected her to become a doctor like her father and grandfather before her. They told her that if she chose any other career, they would no longer support her or respect her choice. According to Rogers, Mia's parents were giving her __________ regard.

conditional positive

Personality neuroscience is based on the premise that persistent variations in dimensional aspects of personality must be based on __________ patterns of functioning in the brain.

consistent

caleb almost always shows up late for work. his friends attribute this to caleb's laziness. this is an example of a _____ cause.

dispositional

Connor needs just $20 more to go out with his friends. He asks his mother for $50 but she tells him he can have $30 instead. In the end, Connor ended up with $10 more than he originally planned. What technique did Connor use?

door-in-the-face technique

In the Big Five theory of personality, "E" stands for __________.

extraversion

Which of the following represents the affective component of an attitude?

i love to go to the clubs- it makes me so happy!

According to Freud, which part of the personality is totally buried within each individual?

id

Which of the following scenarios probably will NOT result in the bystander effect?

You come across someone lying on a walking path while you are walking alone at your local nature center.

When people are unable to reach a goal, frustration may result, which can ultimately turn into __________.

aggression

One of the keys to deindividuation is

anonymity

Prejudice is about __________, while discrimination is about __________.

attitudes; behavior

Kohanna thinks that everyone who smiles must always be happy and those people who are quiet must be naturally shy. Such assumptions are the bases for

implicit personality theory

Jewell and Amie became friends while taking an evening class at the local community college. Jewell was later horrified to find out that Amie was actually a teacher at the college. Subsequently, Jewell stopped talking with Amie, thus ending their friendship. What theory of prejudice and discrimination might this be an example of?

in-group/out-group theory

Bebarly appreciates compliments about her new photography business but really values constructive criticism, as she can then address particular issues. According to Julian Rotter, Bebarly has a(n) __________.

internal locust of control

According to behavioral theory, personality primarily consists of __________.

learned responses

In Rogers's viewpoint, what is the striving to fulfill innate capacities and needs called?

self-actualizing tendency

Albert Bandura considers __________ as a person's expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.

self-efficacy

Many of Johnathon's friends like to dress up on Halloween as devils, vampires, and zombies. According to Carl Jung's theory, what archetype is being expressed?

shadow

Colleagues at work are asked to describe you to the new manager. Most likely, the traits they will use in their description are examples of __________ traits.

surface

Which of the following traits or characteristics was NOT found to be more similar in identical twins when compared to fraternal twins in the Minnesota twin study?

tendency to divorce

What, if anything, have adoption studies taught us regarding the relationship between heredity and personality?

Adoption studies have confirmed that personality can be strongly influenced by genetics.

In Asch's study, conformity decreased when

At least one confederate agreed with the participant

What is a major shortcoming in the field of behavioral genetics in terms of its studies on human personality traits?

Behavioral geneticists are unable to conduct controlled research studies on human subjects.

What did Carl Rogers mean by the term "fully functioning person"?

Someone who is experiencing a match between his or her real and ideal self and who is also trusting of his or her innermost intuitions and urges.

What does the research say about the concept of opposites attract?

Studies do not support this idea but instead offer the explanation of complementary qualities.

How might someone who unknowingly is committing the fundamental attribution error explain Stanley Milgram's obedience study?

Subjects in that study must have been the kind of people that like to hurt others

According to Robert Sternberg's three components of love, which component addresses the physical aspects?

passion

one of your friends tells you, " i didn't like the environmental-awareness presentation today. first of all it was too long, not to mention the person that gave it was drinking out of a polystyrene cup and drove away in a huge SUV" what kind of processing might your friend be using?

peripheral route processing

If you are asked to describe your best friends by explaining how they act, what they typically feel, and what they think about, you would be describing their __________.

personality

The awakening of sexual curiosity and interest in the genitals is the beginning of what Freud termed the __________ stage.

phallic stage

According to Freud, the __________ mind was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

unconscious

erin hates snakes, even though she has never been bitten or been close to one. she developed her feelings by seeing how scared her mother was when she came across them in the garden, or even when watching a movie or television show where there was a snake. erin's attitude toward snakes was most likely acquired through

vicarious conditioning