PSYCH unit 3 Module 19. The Nonvisual Senses

extrasensory perception (ESP)

the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that make up the _____ ear.

middle

umami indicates

proteins to grow and repair tissue

George sees the sound of a trumpet as a pointed, triangular shape. George's experience BEST exemplifies a condition called:

synesthesia

Seeing the numeral 3, for instance, may evoke a particular taste sensation in a condition called

synesthesia

area of brain that controls taste

Frontal temporal lobe border

Shelton and John have been friends since they were small children. Both are now in their late sixties and have been through a lot together. Shelton notices that John repeatedly complains of his arthritis pain. He takes medication for the pain and uses a heating pad to help ease the pain. After a visit with his friend, Shelton begins to notice that he has pain in his lower back and hands. Shelton is convinced that he too has arthritis. Why might Shelton experience pain now?

He feels empathy for his friend.

When we see the mouth movements for ga while hearing ba we may perceive da. This BEST illustrates the _____ effect.

McGurk

cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

cochlear implant

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

posthypnotic suggestions

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

psychokinesis

ability to move objects with one's mind

McGurk Effect

an error in perception that occurs when we misperceive sounds because the audio and visual parts of the speech are mismatched.

pheromones

biochemical odorants emitted by other members of its species that can affect an animal's behavior or physiology

Tania was running outside and she felt a sensation on her leg and stopped to look. She saw a large red bump that she deduced was caused by getting stung by an insect. This deduction seemed only to increase her anxiety and pain. The influence of the sting itself on Tania's pain is a _____ influence. The influence of her deduction is a _____ influence.

bottom up; top down

area of the brain that controls body movement/position

cerebellum

Several days ago, Mitchell fell and hurt his ankle. Although it bothered him a little, he continued to walk on it. When he finally went to the doctor for X-rays, he found out he had a broken bone. It is likely that Mitchell carries a gene that boosts the availability of

endorphins

The neurotransmitter that serves as our natural painkiller is:

endorphins

sweet indicates

energy source

audition

hearing

sensoineural hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

conduction hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

place theory

in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

frequency theory

in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch

area of the brain that controls smell

olfactory bulb

Dr. Frasier conducts empirical research to investigate the claims for such abilities as clairvoyance and telepathy. Dr. Frasier's research reflects a field called

parapsychology

precognition

perceiving future events

bitter indicates

potential poisons

sour indicates

potentially toxic acid

In a song inspired by the classic television show The Twilight Zone, an American vocal group sang the lines, "Unpretentious girl from Memphis saw the future through her third eye." These lines underscore a specific extrasensory perception ability called:

precognition

sensory receptors and pain

respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending an impulse to the spinal cord, which passes the message to the brain, which interprets the signal as pain

tinnitus

ringing in the ears

Olfaction

sense of smell

Billy Bob works at the airport as a member of the ground crew. He typically takes off his hearing protection as he finds it cumbersome. Prolonged exposure to the roars of the jet engines will result in:

sensorineural hearing loss.

salty indicates

sodium essential to physiological processes

middle ear

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

embodied cognition

the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements

inner ear

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

clairvoyance

the power to see things that cannot be perceived by the senses

sensory interaction

the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste

vestibular sense

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

parapsychology

the study of paranormal phenomena

kinesthesia

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

gate-control theory

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.

semicircular canals

three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of balance

Astra is house-sitting. On the first night, a thunderstorm causes the electricity to go out. She remembers seeing some candles and matches next to the grandfather clock. Why does she automatically cock her head when trying to pinpoint the sound of the clock?

to position her two ears so that they will receive slightly different messages

vestibular sacs

two sacks in the inner ear by the semicircular canals that since gravitation forward, backward, and vertical movement