PSYCH unit 3 Module 19. The Nonvisual Senses
extrasensory perception (ESP)
the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that make up the _____ ear.
middle
umami indicates
proteins to grow and repair tissue
George sees the sound of a trumpet as a pointed, triangular shape. George's experience BEST exemplifies a condition called:
synesthesia
Seeing the numeral 3, for instance, may evoke a particular taste sensation in a condition called
synesthesia
area of brain that controls taste
Frontal temporal lobe border
Shelton and John have been friends since they were small children. Both are now in their late sixties and have been through a lot together. Shelton notices that John repeatedly complains of his arthritis pain. He takes medication for the pain and uses a heating pad to help ease the pain. After a visit with his friend, Shelton begins to notice that he has pain in his lower back and hands. Shelton is convinced that he too has arthritis. Why might Shelton experience pain now?
He feels empathy for his friend.
When we see the mouth movements for ga while hearing ba we may perceive da. This BEST illustrates the _____ effect.
McGurk
cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
cochlear implant
a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
Dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
posthypnotic suggestions
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
psychokinesis
ability to move objects with one's mind
McGurk Effect
an error in perception that occurs when we misperceive sounds because the audio and visual parts of the speech are mismatched.
pheromones
biochemical odorants emitted by other members of its species that can affect an animal's behavior or physiology
Tania was running outside and she felt a sensation on her leg and stopped to look. She saw a large red bump that she deduced was caused by getting stung by an insect. This deduction seemed only to increase her anxiety and pain. The influence of the sting itself on Tania's pain is a _____ influence. The influence of her deduction is a _____ influence.
bottom up; top down
area of the brain that controls body movement/position
cerebellum
Several days ago, Mitchell fell and hurt his ankle. Although it bothered him a little, he continued to walk on it. When he finally went to the doctor for X-rays, he found out he had a broken bone. It is likely that Mitchell carries a gene that boosts the availability of
endorphins
The neurotransmitter that serves as our natural painkiller is:
endorphins
sweet indicates
energy source
audition
hearing
sensoineural hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
conduction hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
place theory
in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
frequency theory
in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
area of the brain that controls smell
olfactory bulb
Dr. Frasier conducts empirical research to investigate the claims for such abilities as clairvoyance and telepathy. Dr. Frasier's research reflects a field called
parapsychology
precognition
perceiving future events
bitter indicates
potential poisons
sour indicates
potentially toxic acid
In a song inspired by the classic television show The Twilight Zone, an American vocal group sang the lines, "Unpretentious girl from Memphis saw the future through her third eye." These lines underscore a specific extrasensory perception ability called:
precognition
sensory receptors and pain
respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending an impulse to the spinal cord, which passes the message to the brain, which interprets the signal as pain
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
Olfaction
sense of smell
Billy Bob works at the airport as a member of the ground crew. He typically takes off his hearing protection as he finds it cumbersome. Prolonged exposure to the roars of the jet engines will result in:
sensorineural hearing loss.
salty indicates
sodium essential to physiological processes
middle ear
the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
embodied cognition
the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements
inner ear
the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
clairvoyance
the power to see things that cannot be perceived by the senses
sensory interaction
the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
vestibular sense
the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
parapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena
kinesthesia
the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
gate-control theory
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
semicircular canals
three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of balance
Astra is house-sitting. On the first night, a thunderstorm causes the electricity to go out. She remembers seeing some candles and matches next to the grandfather clock. Why does she automatically cock her head when trying to pinpoint the sound of the clock?
to position her two ears so that they will receive slightly different messages
vestibular sacs
two sacks in the inner ear by the semicircular canals that since gravitation forward, backward, and vertical movement