PSYCH335 Exam 4

Based on your understanding of the research of Solomon Asch, you know that all of the following choices, the person most likely to demonstrate conformity would be:

. Mika, a 23 year old Japanese woman.

According to the file we saw in class these are the general physical responses to fear:

. NOT body—sweat, heart-rate increase, posture rigid.

Which of the following are true about the plasticity of the function of specific regions of the brain.

1. *** The responses of specific neural regions may be modified by experience. 2. In rats exposed to stressful environments the fear section of the nucleus accumbens may grow to take up as much as 90% of the shell

According to our book, which age group is the most aggressive?

1. 1 - 3 year olds

Following a severe trauma what percentage of people go on to develop PTSD?

1. 20%

Which of the following are true concerning neurons in the hypothalamus that are associated with mating and fighting.

1. About 25% of the neurons are associated with mating and fighting. 2. There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with mating. 3. There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with fighting.

Which of the following are true with regard to alcohol and aggression and/or violence?

1. Alcohol increases aggressive tendencies but does not cause them. 2. Sometimes alcohol is deliberately used to promote violence.

At all ages, males tend to be more physically aggressive than females.

1. At all ages, males tend to be more physically aggressive than females. 2. Among heterosexual partners, women are actually slightly more likely than men to use physical aggression. 3. When men do use physical aggression, they are more likely than women to cause serious injuries and even death to their partners.

A social perceiver unwittingly taking on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the person's expressive behavior and thereby feeling the expressed emotion is known as:

1. Automatic empathy

In our book, violence is defined as

1. Behavior intended to cause extreme physical harm (e.g., injury, death).

Which of the following is the best definition of conformity?

1. Changing one's attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm.

Which of the following outcomes are likely for children who are diagnosed as chronically physically aggressive.

1. Criminality during adulthood 2. Failure in school 3. Drug abuse

From the neuroscience point of view, genocide is related to which of the following psychological phenomena?

1. Dehumanization

The perception of what most people do in a given situation is called a ___________

1. Descriptive norm

Please match the basic emotions with their target descriptions.

1. Desire; neural systems of reward seeking. 2. Liking; the neural circuits of pleasure and enjoyment. 3. Fear; the neural system of freezing and fleeing. 4. Rage; the circuits of anger and attack. 5. Love; the neural systems of care and attachment. 6. Grief; loneliness and panic.

Which of the following are interpersonal functions of emotions?

1. Emotional expressions signal the nature of person to person relationships. 2. Emotional expressions facilitate specific behaviors in perceivers 3. Emotional expressions provide incentives for desired social behaviors

Which of the following are interpersonal functions of emotions?

1. Emotional expressions signal the nature of person to person relationships. 2. Emotional expressions facilitate specific behaviors in perceivers. 3. Emotional expressions provide incentives for desired social behaviors.

Which of the following are intrapersonal functions of emotions?

1. Emotions prepare the body for immediate action. 2. Emotions influence thoughts 3. Emotions motivate future behaviors

Which of the following is a strong deterrent for aggression.

1. Empathy

According to the film we saw in class, there are two pathways to fear response.

1. False

Mental illness is causatively associated with an increase in aggression and violence:

1. False

The neural networks involved in infant attachment are different from those that are sensitive to separation.

1. False

Emotions can described on two dimensions, Arousal Level and Valence. Please match the following emotions with their combinations of Arousal and Valence.

1. Fear; aroused/unpleasant 2. Happy; aroused/pleasant 3. Calmness; not Aroused/Pleasant 4. Disgust; Not aroused/Unpleasant

Stanley MIlgram's studies on obedience and more recent replications have shown that:

1. Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies.

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience (1963, 1965, 1974) and more recent replications have shown that:

1. Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies.

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they are?

1. Milgram

According to the film we saw in class, _____% of adults will experience an anxiety disorder at least one time in their life.

1. NOT 10

Asch's study on conformity, where participants had to make line-judgments, can be best explained by what concept?

1. Normative influence

Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group?

1. Observing just one person disagreeing with the majority.

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon asch's research protocol?

1. Orlando has to give his choice out loud.

Which of the following is NOT part of the Dark Triad of Personality?

1. Paranoid schizophrenia

Which of the following statements is true of Asch's research on conformity in groups?

1. Participants conformed with the group norm on about a one-third of the total trials.

Monitoring the EEG while pictures of people who belong to different social groups has shown

1. People do not have to intend to group people into social groups for it to happen in the brain. 2. That grouping people is an automatic process. 3. Brain changes occur whether or not the person is asked to place people in social groups

According to the Charlie Rose episode on aggression and violence there are four brain regions that are highly involved in aggression and violence.

1. Prefrontal Cortex: Executive functions, decision making, character formation—damage or defects here increases aggression. 2. Ventral Striatum: Reinforcement, recruited in addiction and certain kinds of aggression. 3. Amygdala: Orchestrator of emotion, both positive and negative. 4. Hypothalamus: aggression and sexuality

Alice's hotel has......

1. Put a note on the bed indicating that most of their guests reuse linens, and asking this guest to do the same.

Chronically aggressive children have problems synthesizing the neurotransmitter

1. Serotonin

Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?

1. She views the police officer as an authority figure.

Attempting to make inferences about others thoughts by using the strategy of imagining what our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors would be in a similar situation is knowing as __________.

1. Simulation

Which of the following have been shown to be effective in reducing aggression and or violence.

1. Specific focused interventions with small children diagnosed as chronically aggressive. 2. Specific interventions with adults diagnosed as chronically aggressive

Which of the following factors does NOT influence conformity?

1. The age of the group.

You are walking down a path and suddenly and unexpectedly encounter a large bear, please put the following events in your response in the correct order:

1. The bear is processed unconsciously in the midbrain and recognized as a threat. 2. You feel afraid 3. The midbrain causes a wave autonomic activation 4. Heart rate, blood pressue, and respiration rate increase. Fear is expressed on the face. 5. You run away

Which of the following are true about the important regions for maternal nurturing?

1. The bed of nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved 2. Regions are sensitive to some of the same neurotransmitters, including oxytocin, arginine, vasopressin, and endogenous opioids. 3. The dorsal preoptic area is involved. 4. The nurturing regions overlap with areas involved in sexual desire.

In Stanley Milgram's research examining obedience, the participant was able to discontinue the experiment only after what took place?

1. The participant stated tat he/she did not want to continue participating 4 consecutive times.

Which of the following are true concerning neurons in the hypothalamus that are associated with mating and fighting.

1. There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with mating 2. There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with fighting 3. About 25% of the neurons are associated with mating and fighting.

John Robison has autism, but after participating in an experiment he developed a better ability to read people's emotions. During this study, a non-invasive tool was used to induce a small electric current to targeted brain areas. What is this tool called?

1. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

According to our book, all violent acts are aggression, but not all aggressive acts are violent.

1. True

Following trauma some people have positive changes and show resilient growth.

1. True

Slight stimulation of the fear-related areas in the brain causes animals to freeze, whereas intense stimulation causes them to flee.

1. True

Which of the following are true about the Fear Response and as an example to suddenly seeing a snake:

1. Two pathways send signals to the amygdala from the sensory organs. 2. When an individual sees a snake, for example, the sensory information travels from the eye of the thalamus and then to the visual cortex. 3. The visual cortex sends the information on to the amygdala, provoking a fear response. 4. The thalamus also quickly sends the information straight to the amygdala, so that the organism can react before consciously perceiving the snake.

Which of the following is true of Milgram's (1963, 1965, 1974) research on obedience to authority?

1. With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed, but about 65% still administered 450 volts (the highest level).

In our book, aggression is defined as:

1. as any behavior intended to harm another person who does not want to be harmed.

Monitoring the EEG whiled pictures of people who belong to different social groups has shown

1. brain changes occur whether or not the person is asked to place people in social groups 2. people do not have to intend to group people into social groups for it to happen in the brain. 3. That grouping people is an automatic process

Which of the following are examples of relational aggression

1. gossiping 2. spreading rumors 3. withdrawing affection to get what you want 4. excluding someone from your circle of friends 5. Giving someone the "silent treatment".

"Liking" (e.g., enjoyment of a sweet liquid) can be measured in babies and nonhuman animals by measuring:

1. licking speed 2. tongue protrusions 3. happy facial expressions

Conformity that results from a concern about what others think of us is called _____ influence

1. normative

To discover the brain networks involved in feeling "left out", brain activity was assessed in an fMRI while participants played a virtual game of catch with tow other players. Which brain system was activated in participants when they were left out of the Cyberball game?

1. pain matrix

The act of mentally classifying someone as belonging in a group is known as

1. social categorization.

Research on liking has focused on a small area within

1. the nucleus accumbens

Which of the following statements are true about the rage circuits?

Anger or rage is an arousing, unpleasant emotion that motivates orgamisms to approach and attach. The anger circuits are linked to the appetitive circuits, such that lack of an anticipated reward can provoke rage.

Which of the following statements are true about the Rage circuit?

Anger or rage is an arousing, unpleasant emotion that motivates organisms to approach and attack.

According to the film we saw in class Insects don't show emotion

False

Which of the following are true with regard to the relationship between violent media, aggression and/or violence.

Meta-analyses have found a relationship between playing violent games and increases in aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, and aggressive behaviors. 2.Research has not been able to demonstrate a conclusive relationship between violent media and actual violence.

Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they being their shift. Hammond assumes that this is a workplace regulation and also begins to do stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?`

Normative influence?Normative influence?

Which of the following is NOT a recurring evolutionary problem to which emotions evolved as a adaptation that allowed rapid responding with minimal conscious cognitive intervention

Problem-solving

Cultural display rules are:

Rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances.

According to the film, what is the one stimulus every test subject dislike/responds to?

Shock

Lasana Harris found that participants viewed homeless individuals more as objects than people. According to his research, which brain area is more active when we interact with other people that with objects?

The medial prefrontal cortex

What was one correct outcome of Asch's classic research on conformity in groups?

Three-quarters of the participants conformed to the incorrect group norm at least one time.

According to Pinker (2011) the good news is that the level of violence in the world is decreasing overtime—by millennia, century, and even decade

True

According to our book, all violent acts are aggression, but not all aggressive acts are violent.

True

Charles Darwin believed that emotions were present throughout the animal kingdom.

True

According to the file we saw in class, what part of the brain regulates emotion?

amygdala

The perception of what most people do in a given situation is called a

descriptive

According to the film we saw in class these are the general physical responses to fear:

face—fear expression, endocrine-cortisol production, posture rigid.

The neural networks involved in infant attachment are different from those that are sensitive to separation.

false

____________ influence refers to conformity that results from a desire to act in a manner that is clearly socially approved such as speaking softly in libraries.

information