psych4

"You had sex last night!," a coworker exclaims on noticing a newly married colleague's "glow" one morning. Meltzer et al. (2017) found that the "afterglow" of lingering satisfaction after sex lasted _____ hours.

48 hours

About _____ percent of both men and women say they have had sexual fantasies.

95

incentive

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is a(n) _____.

Based on the textbook's discussion, which statement is TRUE with respect to asexual people?

Asexual people masturbate nearly as often as other people do.

Your mother-in-law thinks that same-sex sexual activity is a choice people make. Which research finding disagrees with her belief?

By altering a single gene in fruit flies, researchers have managed to change an individual fly's sexual orientation and behavior.

Research has found that people often eat large quantities of starchy, carbohydrate-laden foods when they are stressed. Why is this?

Carbohydrates help increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects.

Motivation

Dr. Stott has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been:

. AIDS results from the transmission of ________ from an infected person.

HIV

Tyrone has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory for anything that occurred more than a minute ago. If he was to eat dinner, and then be offered dinner again, what would the likely outcome be?

He would not remember his recent meal, so he would eat it readily.

_____ is a digestive tract hormone that sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain.

PYY

Instincts

Serena is only one hour old. Remarkably, when she feels anything touch her cheek, she starts rooting and, when she makes contact with a nipple, sucking. These behaviors are:

Marisol recently had to have a gastrectomy as part of her treatment for stomach cancer. Which of the following is true regarding Marisol and hunger now?

She will still experience some hunger pangs, but they will be different from her experience before the procedure.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:

Danielle recently gained 80 pounds when she began eating a lot more food and driving to work instead of walking. What is the likely result now that she has reduced her food intake to what it was before and has started walking to work again?

The same amount of food that she used to be satisfied with will now leave her hungry and she may begin to regain the weight.

seek optimum levels of arousal.

Two-year-old Alma has numerous new toys in her playpen. Nonetheless, even before playing with these toys, she wants to explore the room and tries with all her being to escape. She is motivated to escape the playpen to:

rooting and sucking

Which behavior(s) can be considered instinctual for human infants?

Incentive

You smell coffee brewing in the morning, and it is really the only reason you are willing to get out of bed. In this situation, the coffee is a(n):

Motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Seventeen-year-old Vanessa just found out she is pregnant. Which factor MOST likely contributed to her unplanned pregnancy?

alcohol use

A drive refers to:

an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need

Tiffany is a 16-year-old girl who lives in a low-income neighborhood. Her grades are very good, and there is a strong possibility that she will receive a scholarship for college. However, many of her peers either are pregnant or have contracted sexually transmitted diseases. The textbook recommends that she does all of these to ensure that she does not get pregnant and sidetrack her college career EXCEPT:

avoid discussions about contraception

Maia has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now, she feels she needs to find a soul mate, or even a close friend or two, with whom she can share her life. According to Maslow, what is motivating her?

belongingness and love needs

Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling, and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her:

blood glucose level has dropped

Bedouins find eye of camel to be delicious while most Americans would find this unappetizing. Based on the textbook's discussion, this is a good example of how taste preferences are influenced by _____ factors.

cultural

When feelings of hunger create an aroused tension state, this:

drives the organism to reduce the need

Compared with past years, people in developed countries today are:

eating more and moving less

The term settling point is preferred because the typical body weight of adults is influenced by:

environmental and biological factors

Sasha's genital areas have become engorged with blood, and her vagina expands and secretes lubricant as her breast and nipples enlarge from her boyfriend's caresses. She is in the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle.

excitement

Abraham Maslow referred to the need to live up to one's fullest potential as the need:

for self-actualization

In general, _____ mostly explain(s) why one person is heavier than another, while _____ explain(s) why people are heavier today than their counterparts were 50 years ago.

genes, environment

The level of arousal typically associated with peak performance tends to be:

higher on well-learned tasks

Studies seem to show that depictions of women being sexually coerced and enjoying it tend to _____ viewers' acceptance of the false idea that women enjoy rape and _____ male viewers' willingness to hurt women.

increase, increase

Shawn views pornography regularly. This regular viewing of pornography has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

increased sexual satisfaction

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of:

instinct

Sasha is a 4-year-old female cat that is definitely "in heat" and is yowling to be let out of the house. However, its owner knows that when the cat is in heat:

its estrogen level is at its peak

Lisa, a gay woman, was larger than average at birth and has fingerprint ridges that more resemble a typical man's than a woman's. Researchers attribute these characteristics to:

levels of prenatal hormones

More offspring are produced by the maternal relatives of:

men with a same-sex sexual orientation rather than of heterosexual men.

Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________.

need is to incentive

Research by the Kinsey Institute found that, as compared to straight people, gay or lesbian people are _____ likely to have been _____.

no more, smothered by motherly love

Mike and Carla find that the closer their relationship becomes, the more sexual satisfaction they experience. This is due to:

overlapping brain reward regions

Ralph becomes sexually aroused by the sight and feel of women's shoes. The term _____ is used to refer to such an instance of sexual urges involving nonhuman objects.

paraphilia

When encouraged to eat as much as they want, people tend to eat less if the foods are offered in smaller, rather than in larger, containers, illustrating the relevance of:

portion size

Research has found that romantic couples who are in a committed relationship tend to experience a surge of the hormone _____ after sexual intercourse, which accounts for feeling satisfaction and contentment.

prolactin

Cassie and Eric have been in a committed, monogamous relationship for years. After sex, they are more likely to experience a surge in the hormone _____. This hormone is related to sexual satiety and _____ after orgasm with a loved one.

prolactin, satisfaction

Pablo has trouble sleeping at night due to his fear that his apartment will be burglarized. He buys an alarm system and deadbolts for all of his windows and doors. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Pablo is trying to meet his:

safety need

Our enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or both sexes is called our:

sexual orientation

Religious involvement and participation in service-learning programs are predictors of which of the following?

teen sexual restraint

Identify an area in the hypothalamus that controls eating and has a center that secretes appetite-stimulating hormones.

the arcuate nucleus