Psychology 1010 Chapter 1

A(n) _____________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment

Skinner box

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines __________ as objectively as possible

her own conscious experience

_________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

humanism

Behaviorists study ______

learned behavior

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________

study the function of behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and _________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

12. Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. A. cognitive B. developmental C. personality D. social

B. developmental

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ___ include food, water, and shelter.

Basic survival needs

15. What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology? A. human resources B. marketing C. mid- and top-level management D. social work

C. mid- and top-level management

16. Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. A. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism B. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism D. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism

C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

14. Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. A. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

17. Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution? A. After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B. Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world. C. Evolution only works theoretically. D. It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

D. It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

18. According to Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through A. dream analysis B. examination of the first words that come to someone's mind C. seemingly innocent slips of the tongue D. the use of reinforcement and punishment

D. the use of reinforcement and punishment

13. Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. A. genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior B. sensation and the effect of culture on perception C. the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior D. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

D. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ______ and early childhood experiences

a person's unconscious

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy? a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgement. b. Boris tells his therapist that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. c. Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy. d. Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late.

a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgement.

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ______ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ____________.

perceivable and measurable