Psychology A: Introduction to Psychology
What are the requirements for a doctoral degree in psychology, and what career opportunities are available to students with this degree?
Must complete a course of study and research. All psychology careers are available with this degree.
Define behaviorism and explain who founded this school of thought.
Behaviorism is the school of thought that studies the function and purpose of consciousness and behavior. This idea was founded by William James.
In a short paragraph, compare and contrast clinical psychology and counseling psychology.
Both clinical and counseling psychology provide group and individual therapy. However, clinical psychology treat psychological disorders, while counseling psychology just works with mild cases.
In a paragraph, compare and contrast psychologists and psychiatrists.
Both psychologists and psychiatrists treat people with varying problems and disorders, can diagnose, and practice psychotherapy. However, while psychiatrists can prescribe medicine, psychologists cannot.
In a paragraph, explain three differences between a science and a pseudoscience.
In science, scientific theories are falsifiable, reproducible results are demanded, and the scientist searches for failures and closely studies them. However, in pseudoscience scientific theories are not falsifiable, results cannot be reproduced, and the scientist ignores, hides, or excuses failures.
Summarize in a complete paragraph how psychology has its roots in philosophy, and provide examples of two philosopher's contributions.
Psychology has roots in philosophy through Aristotle and Plato.
Summarize how psychology is considered a science.
Psychology is considered a social science because it deals with human society and the nature and interactions of people who make up the society.
In your own words, define psychology.
Psychology is the study of the way people act and the thoughts going through their head.
Summarize the difference between structuralism and functionalism.
Structuralism studies the basic elements or structures of consciousness, while functionalism studies the function and purpose of consciousness and behavior.
Students who study psychology or obtain a degree in psychology can gain many valuable skills. What are two skills one can gain from studying psychology?
You can learn how the mind works and why people react to things in certain ways.
A psychologist working from the biological perspective would study all of the following to see how they affect behavior and cognitive processes except __________.
a
Ethnocentrism can lead to all the following except __________.
a
Imagine you have a friend who is interested in math and techniques used to analyze research findings. What subfield of psychology best matches this person's interests?
a
Karl Popper, a 20th-century philosopher, claimed that genuine scientific theories are __________.
a
Social science is a branch of science that deals with the nature of __________.
a
The psychologist best known for being the first female president of the American Psychological Association and for being denied a doctoral degree from Harvard because of her gender is __________.
a
To help employees function effectively in job situations, a(n) __________ psychologist designs products that are safe, effective, and easy to use.
a
Which of the following statements is true about the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)?
a
__________ is best known for his influential studies on racism and its effects on child development, and for becoming the first African American to be elected president of the American Psychological Association.
a
__________ relies on introspection to reduce conscious experiences into basic elements.
a
A person who is interested in researching how people learn in educational settings and how motivation and intelligence affect learning would most likely study __________ psychology.
b
A team of psychologists is studying how negative feedback affects self-esteem in independent cultures, such as the United States, and interdependent cultures, such as Japan. These psychologists are most likely working from the __________ perspective.
b
All of the following are occupations available to psychologists with a master's degree except __________.
b
In which of the following does personality psychology specialize?
b
Social psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies all of the following except how __________.
b
The __________ perspective believes that certain behavior patterns have a hereditary basis.
b
The philosopher who believed that the mind operated on the three levels of reason, will, and desire was __________.
b
The psychologist who was the first woman to earn a doctoral degree in psychology in the US and is renowned for writing a comparative psychology book in which she described the cognitive processes in both humans and animals is __________.
b
Unlike psychology, the primary focus in sociology is to study how __________ affect behavior.
b
Which of the following is not considered a behavior?
b
Which of the following is not considered a natural science?
b
Which of the following statements about psychological constructs is true?
b
Which school of thought focused on objective sensations, such as sight and taste, and subjective feelings, such as emotional responses, to study the conscious mind?
b
William James was one of the leading founders of which school of thought?
b
__________ was the first person of Asian American descent to be elected president of the American Psychological Association.
b
During World War II, psychologists redesigned the layout of instruments in airplane cockpits to help pilots fly safely. This is an example of __________ psychology.
b (wrong answer)
Which of the following best describes cognitive processes?
b (wrong answer)
A __________ psychologist helps children with learning problems and works with teachers and parents to create healthy learning environments.
c
A psychologist conducts research on life span development by interviewing numerous men and then uses the research findings to describe the different stages of development that both men and women experience. This is an example of __________.
c
A psychologist is studying various behavioral and psychological factors linked to a variety of illnesses, such as cancer. This is an example of __________ psychology.
c
A team of psychologists study personality development in the United States and generalize their research findings to describe personality development in China, Japan, and Korea. This is an example of __________ bias.
c
According to Freud, slips of the tongue __________.
c
All but one of the following are studies done in sociology. Which one best illustrates a study done in psychology?
c
All of the following are possible occupations for a psychologist with a bachelor's degree except __________.
c
How many years of residency does a psychiatrist have to complete before being licensed to practice psychiatry?
c
Humanistic therapy attempts to help people __________.
c
Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of __________ when he taught a dog to salivate at the sound of a tuning fork.
c
Life coaches use __________ to teach people life skills, relationship skills, and communication skills.
c
One of the goals of psychology is to predict future behavior or mental processes. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates this goal?
c
Opposition to a certain perspective can __________.
c
The goals of psychology are the same as the goals of science, except that in psychology, the focus is on __________ and __________.
c
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of behavior?
c
Who is considered the father of psychology in the United States?
c
__________ psychologists conduct laboratory experiments to research basic processes, such as perception and motivation.
c
Socrates believed that __________.
c (wrong answer)
The __________ is a brain imaging technique that allows cognitive and biological psychologists to see the anatomy and the function of the brain.
c (wrong answer)
The requirements for a master's degree in psychology generally include __________.
c (wrong answer)
What does Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection state about traits?
c (wrong answer)
A psychologist working from the cognitive perspective would most likely believe that anxiety is caused by __________.
d
Chloe read an essay that claims the body and mind, which are made up of different substances, interact both harmoniously and competitively in a living person. Which philosopher's work is she most likely reading?
d
Developmental psychologists study all of the following except __________ development.
d
Plato suggested that the soul operates on three levels: __________.
d
Which of the following is not an example of a cognitive process?
d
Which of the following statements is not true about licensure in psychology?
d
Which of the following statements is not true about what John Locke believed?
d
Which two philosophers believed that innate knowledge is discovered through logic?
d
__________ is the school of psychology that believes perception is more than the sum of its parts—it involves a whole pattern.
d
__________ is the systematic self-observation and analysis of one's conscious experience.
d
All of the following were barriers to minority participation in early psychology except __________.
d (wrong answer)
Which of the following statements is not true about Hippocrates?
d (wrong answer)
Which of the following statements is not true about minorities in psychology today?
d (wrong answer)
A psychologist has to obtain a medical degree to diagnose and treat people with disorders.
false
Although many students enroll in psychology courses at the college level, few students choose psychology as a major.
false
Astrology is considered a science because it is grounded in scientific research.
false
Blood pressure is a cognitive process because it is observable with lab equipment.
false
Ethnocentrism helps researchers avoid cultural bias when interpreting research findings.
false
Ethnocentrism is the practice of viewing male behavior and cognitive processes as the norm for explaining all human behavior.
false
Funding has little influence on the number of researchers working on a given project.
false
Mamie Clark was the first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology in the United States.
false
Psychologists avoid studying emotions because they have little impact on behavior.
false
Psychologists only focus on how people think and feel.
false
Psychologists work solely in government agencies and academic settings.
false
Psychometric psychology is a subfield that focuses primarily on the development of personality tests.
false
Sigmund Freud learned about his patients by conducting experiments in his laboratory.
false
Socrates developed the laws of associationism.
false
Supporters of the behavioral perspective believe that only unobservable behaviors should be studied.
false
The first formal laboratory for research in psychology was established by B. F. Skinner.
false
The majority of occupations in psychology only require a bachelor's degree and a license to practice.
false
The stream of consciousness refers to the basic elements in a person's conscious mind.
false
Cognitive psychologists believe that cognitive processes must be studied in order to understand human behavior fully.
true
For centuries, philosophers have explored questions about how the mind works and acquires knowledge.
true
Functionalism is the school of thought that studies the function and purpose of consciousness and behavior.
true
Job prospects in the field of psychology are best for those with a doctoral degree in psychology.
true
Love, which can't be observed or measured directly, is an example of a psychological construct.
true
Psychology is a combination of the Greek words psyche, which means "soul" or "mind," and logos, which means "the study of."
true
Psychology is considered a science because it uses a systematic method of asking and answering questions.
true
Psychology is considered a social science, yet it has foundations in the natural sciences.
true
René Descartes was the first person to describe a reflex.
true
Students who are in clinical and counseling programs typically are required to complete an internship to graduate with a doctoral degree.
true
The psychodynamic perspective originated with Sigmund Freud.
true
