Psychology Ch. 2: The Biological Perspective (Revel)

Agonist

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals. Heroin is an example of a(n):

Generating action potentials

What is NOT a function of glial cells?

Hippocampus

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term, declarative memories, and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?

Axon

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

fMRI

Which technique analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

Wernicke's aphasia

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "you know, your tree limbs." Your predicament in your dream is what disorder?

Pancreas

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

The importance of some social stimuli

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase _________________________.

Right; control of right-handed motor functions.

Although the brain works largely as a whole, what is NOT a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

Thyroid

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's ________________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

Parasympathetic

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What part of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?

noninvasive stimulation technique

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)

Pineal

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

Myelin sheath

What insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps speed along electrical impulses.

Neuroplasticity

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

Cortex

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering.

Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

What technique involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?

PET

What technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose?

Inside; outside

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the __________________ and positively charged on the ___________________.

Negatively

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________________ charged on the inside.

Reticular formation

Which brain structure allows us to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

Thalamus

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

Pituitary

Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over other components of the endocrine system?

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which method will she use?

Wernicke's aphasia

Felecia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" This is a symptom of __________________.

The reflex arc

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call ____________________

EEG

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

Amygdala

If you were to develop a rare condtion in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

Dendrite

In the structure of the neuron, the _________ receives messages from other cells.

Occipital

In which lobe of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex?

Autonomic

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the _______________ nervous system.

Left frontal

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the ___________________ area of his brain.

Vision

Jessica suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

Reticular formation

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of her brain is responsible for this reaction?

Synapse

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the __________________.

Cerebellum

Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon?

Myelin

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as

Afferent neurons

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain ___________

Agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) _____________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

Pituitary gland

Which gland(s) influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?

Endorphins

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

Sympathetic division

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

Thalamus

Your psychology major refers to this as a great relay station of the brain. What part is he referring to?

Motor; somatic

Yvonne's ability to reach for an pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _____________ pathway of the ______________ nervous system.