Psychology Ch. 3d Smell, Taste, Touch: The Chemical and Skin Sense

About _____ taste buds are embedded in the papillae, the bumps on a person's tongue.

5,000-10,000

Hair follicle receptors detect:

flutter and pressure

The Pacinian corpuscles detect:

vibrations

_____ is the sense of taste.

Gustation

Shane notices the pressure from the watch on his wrist. This is detected by the _____ under his skin.

Hair follicle receptors

Which statement BEST characterizes transduction in relation to olfaction?

If enough odor molecules are present, an action potential occurs.

How do motor neurons act in gustation?

Information can be sent through motor neurons signaling to take a bite of food.

All of the following characterize eating EXCEPT:

It explains how various factors influence the ability to detect weak signals in the environment.

Which statement does NOT characterize the skin?

It helps the body deal with the effects of gravity, movement, and position.

Which statement does NOT characterize gustation?

It is determined by the uniformity of wavelength.

Which statement does NOT characterize olfaction?

It is determined by the wavelength reflecting off an object.

What adaptive purpose does pain serve?

It tells humans to stop what they are doing and tend to their wounds.

Which statement BEST characterizes the skin?

It weighs approximately 6 pounds on the average adult.

_____ respond to painful stimuli of heat, cold, chemicals, and pressure.

Nociceptors

_____ is the sense of smell.

Olfaction

Which statement does NOT pertain to the evolutionary influences on taste?

Olfactory information is relayed through thalamus before going to higher brain centers.

Which statement does NOT characterize how sensory neurons act in gustation?

Sensory neurons bend in response to the motion.

Which statement correctly describes a function of the skin?

The skin is a barrier that protects from bacteria, viruses, and physical objects.

Which statement does NOT characterize the chemical senses?

They are the rhythmic vibrations of molecules traveling through forms of matter.

Which statement does NOT characterize taste buds?

They can influence fleeting moods through priming.

Which statement does NOT characterize the receptor cells for taste?

They can lead to anosmia.

All of the following characterize odor molecules EXCEPT:

They can work together so that their combined firing can exceed 1,000 times per second.

All of the following characterize fast nerve fibers is EXCEPT:

They communicate information about pain that is like a dull ache, not necessarily in a specific region.

_____ are found in the skin, which is the body's main touch organ.

Touch receptors

Which of the following describes skin?

Touch receptors dwell within it, making it the body's main touch organ.

_____ is a basic and savory taste found in seaweed, aged cheeses, and protein-rich foods.

Umami

Professor Wong was a little embarrassed yesterday, because she found herself staring at the skin on her arm while she was sitting in the courtyard. However, this is not unusual because her research is on the outer layer of skin, the:

epidermis

The outer layer of the skin, which weighs around 6 pounds on the average adult, is the:

epidermis.

The ability to detect tastes is called:

gustation.

Thermoreceptors, found in the skin, detect:

heat or cold.

Sometimes people who have had an arm or leg amputated feel _____ in their missing limb.

intense pain

The skin is the body's biggest organ. It protects the inside of the body from elements of the environment and:

makes vitamin D.

Last night, Lakeisha was sitting alone in her apartment when she smelled something delicious—someone was baking cookies in a neighboring apartment. Lakeisha didn't realize it but, the chemicals that triggered her sense of smell were _____ riding currents of air.

molecules

This has not been the best morning for Randi. First she scalded her hand with hot water, then she accidentally stabbed herself with a sharp pencil. These two experiences are good examples of stimuli that cause:

nociceptive pain.

Which of the following represents the order of events of olfaction?

odor molecules, olfactory receptor, olfactory bulb, glomeruli, higher brain centers

Professor Parr is preparing for his psychology class tomorrow. His instructor will be discussing the two chemical senses. Professor Parr's class will be learning about:

olfaction and taste.

Qadim is reading his psychology textbook in preparation for class tomorrow. His instructor stated that they would be discussing the sense of smell, which is called: -content_hint: This sense is detected by the nose.

olfaction.

Although Kalen isn't aware of it, her olfactory receptor neurons are hard at work as she takes a big whiff of the cookies she is baking. These receptor neurons stimulate the _____, with similar neurons converging in clusters called _____.

olfactory bulb; glomeruli

Nori is studying for an exam in psychology. He is learning about how humans smell. He is surprised to learn that _____ are continually replenished, lasting for only 30 days before they die and are replaced.

olfactory receptor neurons

Odor sensitivity diminishes with aging because:

regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons slows with age.

The bundled fast nerve fibers make their way to the _____ of the brain, alerting it that something important has happened.

reticular formation

With gustation, _____ are receiving and sending information about taste and sending it on to the brain. Once processed in the brain, information can be sent back through motor neurons.

sensory neurons

Dr. Warren is describing the sense of touch to his students. He tells them that the _____ is the body's biggest organ and the body's main touch organ.

skin

Zuri is a _____, because she is more sensitive than others to bitter-tasting foods and tends to consume relatively few vegetables because of their texture and slightly bitter taste.

supertaster

Abel's drawing shows that gustatory signals are sent through sensory neurons to the _____ and then on to higher brain centers for processing.

thalamus

With gustation, signals are sent through sensory neurons to the _____ and then on to higher brain centers for processing.

thalamus

As people get older, they find it harder to appreciate the basic taste sensations because:

the turnover rate of taste receptors gets slower and slower.

Primitive humans probably gravitated toward sweet, calorie-rich foods because:

their life-sustaining energy made eating them adaptive.

The skin contains a variety of receptors, including:

thermoreceptors, Pacinian corpuscles, and Meissner's corpuscles.

Olfactory _____ occurs when enough odor molecules attach to an olfactory receptor neuron, causing it to fire.

transduction