Psychology CH.5 Learning

The group with food on every trial is making about ________ wrong turns on the average on Trial #6.

16

All three groups are making about ________ wrong turns on the average on Trial #1.

30

Who proposed observational learning?

Albert Bandura

Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

In Tolman's study, the independent variable was

the presence of food at the end of the maze.

According to the law of effect, behaviors that are followed by consequences that are satisfying to the organism are more likely

to be repeated.

Henry is observing beetles for his biology project. They return to their nest at unpredictable intervals all day long, so Henry keeps a close watch all day. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

What is the effect of prosocial modeling and antisocial modeling?

Prosocial modeling can prompt others to engage in helpful and healthy behaviors, while antisocial modeling can prompt others to engage in violent, aggressive, and unhealthy behaviors.

giving a reinforcer every time that a behavior is displayed.

Continuous reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

Iliana taking her dog to the vet once a year

latent learning

Jeffrey always enjoyed cooking simple meals for himself. When he was preparing a meal, he would frequently read new recipes and he liked to wander around the local Whole Foods store. When his friend Marsha asked that he help her with food for a party she was having, Jeffrey amazed everyone, including himself, when he prepared a feast that looked and tasted like it was done by a professional caterer. Jeffrey's newfound skill is an example of

________ broke the constraints of ________, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequence of conditioning to stimuli.

Latent learning; behaviorism

Which one of the following is not true of latent learning?

The behaviors are present innately, without experience.

Playing the slots at a casino works on a ________ reinforcement schedule.

Variable ratio

B.F Skinner

Well known for his research on animals and pigeons. He even created an operant conditioning chamber designed to reward animals for specific behaviors.

Positive reinforcement

a behavior increased because something desirable was gained through engaging the behavior.

On Trial #1, the rats in all three conditions were ________ in the number of errors they made.

about the same

Question Which is an example of negative reinforcement?

buckling your seatbelt to remove the "beep, beep, beep" sound in your car

Question Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

checking your Facebook account at random times throughout the day

The dependent variable in this study was

numbers of errors made while running through the maze.

Monthly paychecks are an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

fixed interval

Which is an example of operant conditioning?

giving yourself one piece of candy after you complete one math problem

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they

kicked and threw the doll.

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it.

The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a

model

A rat is placed in an environment where the floor gives the rat small electric shocks. The only way to get rid of the shocks is to press a lever in the corner of the box. The rat quickly learns to press the lever. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

Doing something and then being influenced by what happens as a consequence of the thing you did is the basic idea behind ________.

operant conditioning

Gillian's kids struggle to get out the door in the morning for school, so she creates a sticker chart where they can put on a sticker each time they are ready to go before 7 a.m. Once they fill they chart, they'll get a new bunk bed. This is an example of ________.

operant conditioning

Shelter, sex, and touch are examples of

primary reinforcers.

Reinforcement differs from punishment in that ________.

reinforcement is any outcome that leads to an increase in a behavior and punishment is an outcome that leads to a decrease in a behavior

Sean wants to teach his dog to turn the light on. What would be the best way to train his dog, utilizing the idea of shaping? What might he do that using the concept of shaping?

reward his dog when the dog looks at the light switch, when she touches the LIGHTSWITCH, when she pushes it, and when she turns it on by command

Stickers on a sticker chart are an example of which type of reinforcer?

secondary

Rewarding successive approximations towards a target behavior is known as

shaping.

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

when a rabbit goes to the bathroom in the litter box, she gets a piece of carrot