Psychology Ch7 Intelligence
What are the three criteria to decide whether an invention can receive patent protection? describe
- originality: The idea must have a low probability - usefulness: The idea should be valuable or work. For example, a solution must, in fact, solve the problem - surprise: The idea should be surprising, or at least nonobvious
Who was Lewis Terman?
-Interested in idea of mental testing; wanted to use scale to identify kids doing well who would rise to the top of the intelligence chart; wanted to predict school success -Proposed IQ!!! -Became known as Stanford-Binet; still used today
what did Raymond Cattell propose?
A theory of intelligence that divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence
What did Robert Sternberg propose?
A theory of intelligence which he titled the triarchic theory of intelligence because it sees intelligence as comprised of three parts): practical, creative, and analytical intelligence
Explain crystalized intelligence
characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it. When you learn, remember, and recall information, you are using crystallized intelligence.
Who was Alfred Binet?
cognitive French psychologist; Developed test to identify kids with "special needs"; supposed to help identify the kids who will need extra help; Developed the Binet-Simon Scale: kids given mental age... can solve problems typical of a child of that chronological age
Arthur Jensen believed that ________.
genetics was solely responsible for intelligence
Mental retardation is now known as....
intellectual disability
What does IQ stand for and what is it?
intelligence quotient and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence
Explain fluid intelligence
solveproblems;encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Navigating your way home after being detoured onto an unfamiliar route because of road construction would draw upon your fluid intelligence
What is norming?
involves giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups; Norms are not expectations of what a given group should know but a demonstration of what that group does know
Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?
sternburg
What are eugenics and who promoted?
the idea that we should promote selective breeding of people who have "desirable traits"; Frances Galton
What is standardization?
the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent
What is dyslexia?
the most common learning disability in children; exhibits an inability to correctly process letters
What is the Unusual Uses Task measure?
the participant is asked to generate alternative uses for a common object;
What is range of reaction?
the theory that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on his or her genetic makeup
What is the Flynn effect?
refers to the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last
What happened to the Binet Scale?
came to America and translated to English
What is practical intelligence?
Being practical means you find solutions that work in your everyday life by applying knowledge based on your experiences
Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?
David Wechsler
Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?
David Wechsler; developed the first intelligence scales specifically designed for different age groups (the different Wechsler scales)
What is the difference between crystalized and fluid intelligence?
Fluid intelligence helps you tackle complex, abstract challenges in your daily life, whereas crystallized intelligence helps you overcome concrete, straightforward problems
Describe the relationship between learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities to intelligence
Learning disabilities are specific neurological problems within the brain and are separate from intelligence. Intellectual disabilities are pervasive and related to intelligence.
What is the Remote Associates Test (RAT) and who founded it?
Mednick; believed that the creative process requires the ability to associate ideas that are considered very far apart conceptually; The RAT consists of items that require the respondent to identify a word that can be associated to three rather distinct stimulus words
What did Howard Gardner develop and what is it?
Multiple Intelligences Theory; each person possesses at least eight intelligences. Among these eight intelligences, a person typically excels in some and falters in others
Who developed the first test of intelligence?
Sir Francis Galton
What is dysgraphia?
a learning disability that results in a struggle to write legibly
What is standard deviation in a bell curve?
a measure of how spread out the scores are
What is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities?
abilities are related and arranged in a hierarchy with general abilities at the top, broad abilities in the middle, and narrow (specific) abilities at the bottom
STUDY BELL CURVE
book
Where does high intelligence come from?
both genetics and environment
What is analytical intelligence?
demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast; used in developing understanding
What is dyscalculia?
difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic
What is emotional intelligence?
encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways