psychology chapt. 11
"Mass remains constant despite changes in appearance" is an example of a rule.
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A child who speaks in sentences, but does not use articles or prepositions is exhibiting telegraphic speech.
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A label used to represent a class of objects or events is called a concept.
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A mental representation of an event or object is called an image.
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Changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new or transformed information is called thinking.
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Children begin to form sentences when they are around age 4.
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Metacognition occurs when you think about thinking.
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Rearranging the elements of a problem in order to find a new solution is called recombination.
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The "aha" experience, or suddenly realizing the solution to a problem, is called insight.
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The following are types of thinking: directed, non-directed, and metacognition.
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What are three strategies people often use to solve problems? Explain how you have used one of these strategies to solve a problem.
People solve by (1) breaking the problem into smaller, more easily solved sub goals, (2) using algorithms, and (3) using heuristics. (Second part of answer is your own personal strategies to solve a problem.)
How did B. F. Skinner and Noam Chomsky differ in their ideas about how children learn language?
Skinner believed that language developed as a result of reinforcement- through nature. Chomsky believes that the ability to acquire language isinnate and will develop naturally.
Mental set
a habitual strategy or pattern of problem solving
Concept
a label for a class of objects or events that share common attributes
Image
a mental representation of an event or object
Prototype
a representative example of a concept
Heuristic
a rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy
Rule
a statement of relation between concepts
Algorithm
a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem
Symbol
an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality
Phoneme
an individual sound that is a basic structural element of language
Thinking
changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information
Syntax
language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences
Recombination
mentally rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution
Flexibility
the ability to overcome rigidity
Metacognition
the awareness of one's own cognitive process
Creativity
the capacity to use information and/or abilities in a new and original way
Language
the communication of ideas through symbols and sounds that are arranged according to rules
Functional fixedness
the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects
Morpheme
the smallest unit of meaning in a given language
Semantics
the study of meaning in language
Insight
the sudden realization of the solution to a problem
