Psychology Chapter 1

asylums

facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.

by product

feathers are an example of what because feathers probably evolved for insulation in fightless dinosaurs, but feathers turned out to be useful for flight in birds, descedants of dinosaurs.

forensic psychology

field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice

nature vs nurture

for millenia thinkers have argues over what determines our personalities- innate biology or life experience. This is the essence of what debate?

Bartlett

Which of the following researchers stated that memory is not an objective and accurate representation of events but rather a highly personal reconstruction based on ones beliefs, ideas, and point of view.

Skinner

Which psychologist was largely responsible for making behaviorism the major approach in experimental psycholgoy

Wilhelm Wundt

Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Who is assoicated with the humanistic perspective?

William James

Who is the most associated with the functionalist movement

William James

Who was the founder of psychology in the United States?

critical thinking

by using science and what, are two goof strategies for answering questions about psychology and how information is connected

Wilhelm Wundt

created the first osychology laboratory

Wilhelm Wundt

created the first psychology laboratory

softwiring

in contrast to hardwiring, means that biological systems- genes, brain structures, brain cells- are inherited but open to modification from the environment

shamans

medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers

positive psychology

scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning.

adaptation

some evolutionary psychologists suggest that humans inherit a preference for fatty foods because this trait was useful when humans lives as hunter-gatherers. This is an example of

biological psychology

studies the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals, and their relationship to behavior and thought

eduational psychologists

study more effectiveness ways for teachers to teach and students to learn

humanistic perspective

suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.

behavioral perspective

suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study

industrial/organizational psychology

the application of psychological concepts to work settings

evolutionary psychology

the branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors.

evolution

the change over time in the frequency with which specefic genes occur within a breeding species

clinical psychology

the diagnosis and treatment of mental,emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health

behaviroral neuroscience

the field of psychology that examines how the brain and nervous system influence behavior

egyptians and greeks

the first ancient cultures that focused on natural and physical explanations for disorders were

Hippocrates

the greek physician who was the first physician to document acrophobia, or fear of heights.

introspection

the main method of investigation for structuralists; it involves looking into one's own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience.

personality

the mostly stable set of patterns of behaving, feeling, and thinking that make and individual unique.

nature through nurture

the position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do

psychology

the scientific study of thought and behavior

social psychology

the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior

cognitive psychology

the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.

psychophysics

the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli such as light, sound waves, and touch

educational psychology

the study of how students learn, the effectivness of particular techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching

developmental psychology

the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span.

sports psychology

the study of psychological factors in exercise and sports

sports pyschology

the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise

behavioral neuroscience

the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior

biological psychology

the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence behavior and thought

personality psychology

the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations.

Trephination

was a practice employed by prehistoric shamans and which involved drilling a small hole in a persons skull, usually less than an inch in diameter. It is the oldest of all known surgical procedures

psychophysics

was the first scientific form of psychology. It included laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations

mind body dualism

what perspective says that the mind controls the body but occasionally the body controls the mind

moral treatment

19th century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment

functionalism

19th century school of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe its parts.

structualism

19th century school of psychology that argues that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior

William James

The leader of the functionalism movement

tabula rasa

What is the Latin Term for blank slate?

structuralism

a 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior

psychoanalysis

a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that unconcious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.

adjusting to new situations

a counseling pyschologists is most likely to help people do what

natural selection

a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction

behaviorisim

a school of psychology which proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.

humanistic psychology

a theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential.

Gestalt Psychology

a theory of psychology that maintains that we perceive things as wholes rather than as a compilation of parts

Gesalt Psychology

an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

applications of psychological concepts and questions to work settings

behaviorists

are not interested in studying emotions, ideas, and thoughts

Personality traits

darwin believed that natural selection determind our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists belive that natural selection determines our

developmental psychology

defined as the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the lifespan

health psychology

e study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness

evolutionary psychologists

examine the adaptive problems that the human mind may have solved earlier in its ancestral past

health psyschology

examines the role of psychological processes in physical illness and well being

personality psychology

examines the traits that differentiate you from somebody else

adaptions

inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success.

clinical pyschologist

might study how best to treat schizophrenia

clinical psychologists

promote psychological health, research ways to treat mental disorders

behavior

psychology is the scientific study of thought and human

Empiricisim

the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience

empiricism

the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience

popular psychology

these are examples of places you might find what kind of psychology? Talk shows, internet sites, and news reports

functionalists

these psychologists thought that the best way to understand the human mind is to ask why the mind works the way it does, rather than describe its parts

introspect

when you are asked to describe in as much detal as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to

softwired

with new research, scientists believe that we are more what than hardwired when explaining human thought and behaviors