Psychology Chapter 1
asylums
facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.
by product
feathers are an example of what because feathers probably evolved for insulation in fightless dinosaurs, but feathers turned out to be useful for flight in birds, descedants of dinosaurs.
forensic psychology
field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice
nature vs nurture
for millenia thinkers have argues over what determines our personalities- innate biology or life experience. This is the essence of what debate?
Bartlett
Which of the following researchers stated that memory is not an objective and accurate representation of events but rather a highly personal reconstruction based on ones beliefs, ideas, and point of view.
Skinner
Which psychologist was largely responsible for making behaviorism the major approach in experimental psycholgoy
Wilhelm Wundt
Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Who is assoicated with the humanistic perspective?
William James
Who is the most associated with the functionalist movement
William James
Who was the founder of psychology in the United States?
critical thinking
by using science and what, are two goof strategies for answering questions about psychology and how information is connected
Wilhelm Wundt
created the first osychology laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt
created the first psychology laboratory
softwiring
in contrast to hardwiring, means that biological systems- genes, brain structures, brain cells- are inherited but open to modification from the environment
shamans
medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers
positive psychology
scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning.
adaptation
some evolutionary psychologists suggest that humans inherit a preference for fatty foods because this trait was useful when humans lives as hunter-gatherers. This is an example of
biological psychology
studies the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals, and their relationship to behavior and thought
eduational psychologists
study more effectiveness ways for teachers to teach and students to learn
humanistic perspective
suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
behavioral perspective
suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study
industrial/organizational psychology
the application of psychological concepts to work settings
evolutionary psychology
the branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors.
evolution
the change over time in the frequency with which specefic genes occur within a breeding species
clinical psychology
the diagnosis and treatment of mental,emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health
behaviroral neuroscience
the field of psychology that examines how the brain and nervous system influence behavior
egyptians and greeks
the first ancient cultures that focused on natural and physical explanations for disorders were
Hippocrates
the greek physician who was the first physician to document acrophobia, or fear of heights.
introspection
the main method of investigation for structuralists; it involves looking into one's own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience.
personality
the mostly stable set of patterns of behaving, feeling, and thinking that make and individual unique.
nature through nurture
the position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do
psychology
the scientific study of thought and behavior
social psychology
the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior
cognitive psychology
the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.
psychophysics
the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli such as light, sound waves, and touch
educational psychology
the study of how students learn, the effectivness of particular techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching
developmental psychology
the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span.
sports psychology
the study of psychological factors in exercise and sports
sports pyschology
the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise
behavioral neuroscience
the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior
biological psychology
the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence behavior and thought
personality psychology
the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations.
Trephination
was a practice employed by prehistoric shamans and which involved drilling a small hole in a persons skull, usually less than an inch in diameter. It is the oldest of all known surgical procedures
psychophysics
was the first scientific form of psychology. It included laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations
mind body dualism
what perspective says that the mind controls the body but occasionally the body controls the mind
moral treatment
19th century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment
functionalism
19th century school of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe its parts.
structualism
19th century school of psychology that argues that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior
William James
The leader of the functionalism movement
tabula rasa
What is the Latin Term for blank slate?
structuralism
a 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior
psychoanalysis
a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that unconcious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
adjusting to new situations
a counseling pyschologists is most likely to help people do what
natural selection
a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction
behaviorisim
a school of psychology which proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.
humanistic psychology
a theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential.
Gestalt Psychology
a theory of psychology that maintains that we perceive things as wholes rather than as a compilation of parts
Gesalt Psychology
an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
applications of psychological concepts and questions to work settings
behaviorists
are not interested in studying emotions, ideas, and thoughts
Personality traits
darwin believed that natural selection determind our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists belive that natural selection determines our
developmental psychology
defined as the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the lifespan
health psychology
e study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness
evolutionary psychologists
examine the adaptive problems that the human mind may have solved earlier in its ancestral past
health psyschology
examines the role of psychological processes in physical illness and well being
personality psychology
examines the traits that differentiate you from somebody else
adaptions
inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success.
clinical pyschologist
might study how best to treat schizophrenia
clinical psychologists
promote psychological health, research ways to treat mental disorders
behavior
psychology is the scientific study of thought and human
Empiricisim
the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience
empiricism
the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience
popular psychology
these are examples of places you might find what kind of psychology? Talk shows, internet sites, and news reports
functionalists
these psychologists thought that the best way to understand the human mind is to ask why the mind works the way it does, rather than describe its parts
introspect
when you are asked to describe in as much detal as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to
softwired
with new research, scientists believe that we are more what than hardwired when explaining human thought and behaviors
