Psychology -- Chapter 1 Test

Structuralism

E. B. Titchener founded which perspective of psychology

1. Clinical 2. Experimental 3. Biological 4. Industrial-Organizational 5. Developmental 6. School 7. Counseling 8. Forensic

Eight Kinds of Psychologists

Free will-determinism

One of the great debates that have shaped the field of psychology is the question of whether people choose their behaviors or are obliged to act in certain ways by factors beyond their control. This is known as the...

Emotional reasoning fallacy

One reason people are drawn to believing in pseudoscience is that we use our emotions as guides to evaluate the validity of claims. This is known as the heuristic affect, or the...

Human's face on the left and written text on the right of an advertisement best captures readers' attention.

What have psychologists who study magazine advertisements learned about how best to capture reader's attention?

Wilhelm Wundt

What individual is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science?

Psychology

What is the scientific study of the mind, brain and behavior

Basic and Applied

What research examines how the mind works, then examines how we can use the former to solve real-world problems.

Thinking scientifically

What will help you make better decisions not only in this course and other psychology courses, but also in everyday life?

Naïve realism

Which term describes the common sense belief that we see the world as it really is?

Jean Piaget

Who wrote The Child's Conception of the World?

Because Human Behavior is multiple determined.

Why must we be skeptical of single-variable explanations?

Developmental psychologist

You meet a psychologist who tells you that he conducts research on children to determine how their cognitive processes differ as the child get older. You recognize that this person is most likely a...

Correlation is not causation

Your friend is an emergency room nurse. She tells you the ER is always more busy when there is a full moon, she claims it is because unstable people are more affected by the moon's gravity. To evaluate her claim, you should understand that

John Voevodsky

According to the textbook, who hit on the bright idea of placing a third brake light at the base of cars' back windshield since this additional visual information would decrease the risk of rear-end collisions?

Her critical thinking skills

Alice is looking for an effective diet program. She is able to evaluate the claims of competing programs in an open minded and careful fashion by using the hallmark of scientific skepticism

Levels of Analysis

As a discipline, psychology spans multiple _________. Which can be thought of as the rungs on a ladder.

Behaviorism

B. F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective?

John Watson and B. F. Skinner

Behaviorism is associated with which two leading figures?

Eye tracking studies show difference between cultures

Paul is a school psychologist who has been asked to write an explanation of what all people look at first when they view photographs of dangerous animals. Paul will find this assignment difficult because....

decline effect

Psychological researchers have become more aware of the importance of replicating research results because of the fact that the size of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time. This phenomenon is known as the...

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?

Sequential lineup

The police have arrested a suspect in an assault case and the victim has agreed to look at a lineup to see if he can identify the person who attacked him. Lou, a police psychologist, is advising the detectives on the most accurate way to put together a lineup. He recommends that they use a...

Behavior geneticist

Twin and adoption studies addressing the nature-nurture debate are conducted by...

Edward Titchener

What early American psychologist yearned to create a periodic table of the elements of consciousness?

John Watson

What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?