Psychology Chapter 11

Which of the following statements is true of stereotype threat?

A person who experiences stereotype threat is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group.

Based on Claude Steele and Eliot Aronson's research on stereotype threat, we should be especially concerned about instructions for standardized tests if they________.

Ask for race/ethnic information before the test starts.

The process by which we come to understand the causes of others' behavior is known as_____________________.

Attribution

Cindy recently played in a softball game in which she misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later, in the same game, she made a great catch on a very difficult play. According to the self-serving bias, she would attribute her error to ________ and her good catch to her ________.

Bad bounce/good fielding skills

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals tend to reduce cognitive dissonance by_______.

Changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

Ralph just started taking guitar lessons last week. Jimmie has been playing guitar for almost 20 years. According to the concept of social facilitation, performing in front of an audience of strangers and friends tonight is likely to ________ Ralph's performance and ________ Jimmie's performance.

Decrease/enhance

________ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

Egoism

The elaboration likelihood model____________.

Identifies two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.

Rosalie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz Carlton. She's never been served a 10-course meal before, so she's unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Since Rosalie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Rosalie is guided by__________.

Informational social influence

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than working to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she hangs out with. She has at times answered questions incorrectly in class on purpose to be more like her friends. Joyce's behavior is due to _________________.

Normative Social Influence

A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of__________.

Obedience

A man who slaps his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting_________________________.

Overt aggression

In the context of social behavior, which of the following best explains why the bystander effect occurs?

People tend to look to the behavior of others for cues about what to do.

________ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.

Person Perception

________ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

Positive illusions

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

Pressure for unanimity.

________ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.

Self-Perception

You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing. You soon notice others doing the same thing. This is an example of______________________.

Social Contagion

"Am I as popular as Cathy?" This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of_______________.

Social comaprison

Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference is best explained by the phenomenon of____________.

Social loafing

________ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

Social psychology

Individuals who have positive illusions about the self___________.

Tend to show high levels of psychological well-being.

Susan drives by an unusually colorful apartment building each day on her way to and from work. Initially, she does not think much of the structure and has a mild dislike for it. However, after several months of commuting, she starts to like the apartment building and is even considering renting an apartment there. This change in Susan's feelings about the building best demonstrates________________.

The mere exposure effect

Which of the following statements about research on the "beautiful is good" stereotype is FALSE?

There is little truth to the "beautiful is good" stereotype. Attractive people do not really possess the positive characteristics of the stereotype.

Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals____________.

Try to align their attitudes and behavior.