Psychology Chapter 12 Quiz

In the movie The Martian, fictional astronaut Mark Watney must survive alone on Mars while awaiting a rescue. In order to grow food during his wait, he devises a way to use wase products, rocket fuel, and a Thanksgiving day meal to create edible crops. He likely initially thought of mahy potential ways to do this, but eventually settled on his successful answer. The fact that he was able to do this was because he likely used ______.

Divergent thinking

A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. this research is an example of _________ research

In vivo problem-solving

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _________ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty.

Initial

Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. Continuing to take the street to the north represents

A mental set

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the ________ group had the fastest response time.

bread and butter

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.

Experts categorize problems based on

general principles that problems share.

Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:

noticing, mapping, and applying.

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

novel object

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

rise suddenly just; gradually rise