Psychology Chapter 15 (b)
The inability to attain an erection when desired affects about _______ percent of men by age 60.
30
Susan's mother died of breast cancer at age 28. Through genetic screening, Susan discovers she has a BRCA1 mutation. What are Susan's chances of developing breast cancer?
35 to 50 percent
Middle adulthood begins around age _______ and ends around age _______.
40; 65
Lorie decided to return to college at age 40. She felt self-conscious and was concerned that her night classes would be dominated by men. Lorie should know that ______ percent of adult learners are women.
60
Osteoporosis affects about 10 million American adults, ______ percent of whom are women.
80
Which of the following is true about age-related hearing loss?
African tribal people display little age-related hearing loss.
Which of the following statements about age-related hearing loss is true?
African tribal people display little age-related hearing loss.
Which of the following is true about cognitive aging research?
Cohort effects are largely responsible for the appearance of age-related intelligence declines in middle adulthood.
Which student is the most likely to be hesitant to talk in a college class?
Ginger, a 45-year-old returning female student
Which of the following is true about hormone therapy?
It is highly successful at counteracting hot flashes.
Which person is the most likely to be affected by osteoporosis?
Jessica, who is thin with a small body frame
Which of the following is true about becoming a student in midlife?
Life transitions often trigger a return to college.
Which of the following women is the most likely to reach menopause the earliest?
Lisa, who has not borne children
Which of the following is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood?
Loss of bone strength causes the disks of the spinal column to collapse.
Which of the following statements about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood is true?
Loss of bone strength causes the disks of the spinal column to collapse.
Which of the following is true about the double standard of gender and aging?
Men tend to judge aging females more harshly than women do.
Which of the following statements about menopause is true?
Most studies reveal no association between menopause and depression in the general population.
Which of the following women is the most likely to report fewer menopausal complaints?
Noriko, an Asian woman
Which of the following people is most likely to cope adaptively with stress brought on by the inevitable changes of life?
Patty, who views change as a challenge
_____________ requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty.
Practical problem solving
____________ predicts adults performances on memory, reasoning, and problem-solving tasks.
Processing speed
___________ cancer is the leading malignancy for men.
Prostate
Which of the following is true about sexuality in middle adulthood?
The best predictor of sexual frequency is marital happiness.
Which of the following is true about changes in mental abilities?
The decrease in basic processing may not be great enough to affect many well-practiced performances until quite late in life.
Which of the following is true about mature creators?
Their creative works often sum up or integrate ideas.
Tony, age 71, married Nichole, age 34. They are not using birth control because of Tonys advanced age. You can advise them that
Tony produces less semen and sperm, which negatively affects fertility, but he can probably still father children.
Middle adulthood is
a contemporary phenomenon, basically nonexistent before the twentieth century.
Wilbur leads a highly stressful life. Nonetheless, he wants to incorporate some exercise into his routine. The format that will probably work best for him is
a group class, which offers a regular schedule.
Kyle, age 52, has collections of pigment under his skin, especially on his face and hands. Kyle has developed
age spots.
Which of the following is a benefit of calorie restriction?
an inhibited production of free radicals
Frank has intense, crushing pain in his chest. The doctors inform his that his heart is oxygen deprived. Frank has
angina pectoris.
Trends in both crystallized and fluid mental abilities reported from the Seattle Longitudinal Study indicate that middleaged adults
are in their prime, not over the hill.
Greta is experiencing an irregular heartbeat. When it persists, it prevents her heart from pumping enough blood and she faints. Greta has
arrhythmia.
Teaching people to be _________ rather than hostile and to __________ rather than explode interrupts the intense physiological response that intervenes between psychological stress and illness.
assertive; negotiate
Terry is approaching age 50. He can anticipate an accumulation of fat in which areas of his body?
back and upper abdomen
Thomas is approaching 50. He can anticipate an accumulation of fat in which areas of his body?
back and upper abdomen
Scientists have begun to explore calorie restriction mimetics
because very few people would be willing to maintain a substantially reduced diet for most of their lifespan.
Because very few people would be willing to maintain a drastically reduced diet for most of their lifespan, scientists have begun to explore ___________________ that might yield the same benefits as calorie restriction, without dieting.
calorie-restriction mimetics
A cells normal genetic programming has been disrupted in Loiss body, causing uncontrolled growth and crowding out of normal cells. Lois has
cancer.
The leading causes of death in middle age are ____________ and _____________.
cancer; cardiovascular disease
As we age,
cells in both the epidermis and dermis decline in water content.
Jett is an air traffic controller. Because of his occupational experiences, Jett will likely demonstrate smaller age-related declines in _________ than his middle-aged peers.
cognitive inhibition
Low-income returning students often need sessions in
confidence building and assertiveness.
On intelligence tests, vocabulary, verbal comprehension, and logical reasoning items measure __________ intelligence.
crystallized
Which type of intelligence increases steadily throughout adulthood?
crystallized
Creative works produced after age 40 often appear more ________ than those produced by younger adults.
deliberately thoughtful
Which layer of the skin gives it flexibility?
dermis
The best way for hostile and dominant people to reduce their risk of high blood pressure and heart disease is to
develop effective ways of handling stress and conflict.
Because men account for over 70 percent of cases of cardiovascular disease in middle adulthood,
doctors are far less likely to suspect heart problems in women.
Debbie was unhappy at work. Instead of identifying and solving the problem, she internalized it, using private selfcontrol. Debbie used a(n) __________ coping strategy.
emotion-centered
enopause may impact a womans sex life because
er genitals are less easily stimulated and her vagina lubricates more slowly during arousal.
During midlife, most adults begin to
experience life-threatening health episodes—if not in themselves, then in their partners and friends.
With regard to scientific knowledge, Ross has an extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance. Ross has _________ in science.
expertise
Late in life, ________ factors show greater decrements than _________ factors.
fluid; crystallized
Patsy is experiencing a buildup of pressure in her eye due to poor fluid drainage. This pressure, left untreated, can damage her optic nerve and is a leading cause of blindness. Patsy has
glaucoma.
Chrissy regards most experiences as controllable. She displays a committed approach to daily activities and views change as a normal part of life and a chance for personal growth. Chrissy fits the pattern of a _________ individual.
hardy
Women who ____________ tend to reach menopause earlier.
have not borne children
Current evidence pinpoints ___________ as a toxic ingredient of Type A behavior patterns, since isolating it from global Type A consistently predicts heart disease and other health problems in both men and women.
hostility
The __________ adds to the soft lines and shape of the skin.
hypodermis
Cancer death rates _________ sharply as __________ decreases.
increase; SES
Yellowing of the lens and increasing density of the vitreous causes ________ and ________.
increased sensitivity to lights; limits color discrimination
Yellowing of the lens and increasing density of the vitreous causes __________ and __________.
increased sensitivity to lights; limits color discrimination
On simple reaction-time tasks, response time
increases steadily from the early twenties into the nineties.
As adults age, the skin
loses elasticity and begins to sag.
Which of the following is an example of a neural change in vision?
loss of rods and cones in the retina
In a study of women ages 50 to 79, a __________ diet involving __________ was associated with greater initial weight loss and success at maintaining that loss over a seven-year period.
low-fat; increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grains
Cheryl, age 48, is having difficulty reading small print. Like most middle-aged adults, Cheryls eyes are rapidly becoming
more farsighted.
As people discover that they are no longer as good as they once were at certain tasks, they accommodate, shifting to activities that depend
more on accumulated knowledge.
Keith and Nicole have been married for 23 years. They view each others aging bodies with acceptance and affection. Their sex life is an important component of their relationship. Their sex life is likely to become ____________ in midlife.
more spontaneous
As Carlos experiences climacteric, he will
need more stimulation to achieve an erection.
Dr. Schlocter believes that as neurons in the brain die, breaks in the neural network occur. The brain adapts by forming bypassesnew synaptic connections that go around the breaks but are less efficient. Dr. Schlocter subscribes to the ___________ view.
neural network
Hormone replacement therapy
offers some protection against bone deterioration and colon cancer.
Karla, age 60, has a debilitating disorder involving a great loss of bone strength. Karla suffers from
osteoporosis.
Longitudinal research shows that from age 20 on, ___________ decreases steadily.
perceptual speed
Michael, age 50, has noticed a hearing loss, especially at high frequencies. He feels that his hearing is not as sharp as it once was. Michael probably has a condition called
presbycusis.
Around age 60, Alexs lens entirely lost its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances. Alex has a condition called
presbyopia.
John has an eye condition. Its name literally means "old eyes." John has
presbyopia.
Suzanne viewed life as fluid. She expected change and accepted it as inevitable. When Suzanne was faced with a problem, she identified it and decided what to do about it. Suzanne used a(n) ____________ coping strategy.
problem-centered
As Phoebe gets older, which of the following will she probably be more successful at memorizing?
prose passages
With age, John should gradually __________ to adjust for the age-related decline in basal metabolic rate.
reduce caloric intake
Older adults ________ than younger adults, a difference believed to be due to a slower rate of thinking.
rehearse less
Research shows that dietary calorie restriction in nonhuman primates
slows aging, but does not extend the lifespan.
Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction in nonhumans
slows aging.
Reduction in bone density during adulthood is
substantial.
Jeanine is 55. According to her doctor, Jeanine's reproductive capacity has ended. She has reached the midlife reproductive transition called
the climacteric.
Mr. Chamberlain is 53. According to his doctor, Mr. Chamberlains fertility has diminished but is retained. Mr. Chamberlain has reached the midlife reproductive transition called
the climacteric.
Women's skin ages more quickly than men's because
the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men.
Womens skin ages more quickly than mens because
the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men.
Brad is an actor. He is now approaching middle adulthood. His work will probably reflect
the desire to give to humanity and enrich the lives of others.
Jennifer had always enjoyed driving at night, but now, at age 55, she sometimes has trouble making out signs and moving objects. Her vision is also disrupted by the headlights of oncoming cars. Jennifer is experiencing
the development of opaque areas in the vitreous.
Some evidence suggests that ___________ contributes to negative judgments of a woman's physical appearance, especially by men.
the end of a woman's ability to bear children
The changes involved in women's fertility decline occur gradually over a 10-year period, during which
the production of estrogen drops.
The changes involved in womens climacteric occur gradually over a 10-year period, during which
the production of estrogen drops.
An increase in body fat is common in middle adulthood. The rise in fat largely affects the
torso.
Glaucoma
typically progresses without noticeable symptoms.
Molly, age 25, wants to avoid premature aging of her skin. Which preventive measure will have the greatest impact?
using proper skin protection or avoiding the sun
Donna, who has engaged in little exercise in the past decade, wants to offset both the excess weight and muscle loss of middle adulthood. She should engage in
weight-bearing exercise that includes resistance training.
Mr. Lombardo fell and fractured his hip, and he has since been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Mr. Lombardos doctor probably recommends
weight-bearing exercise.
From the twenties into the sixties, the amount of information people can retain in _________ memory diminishes.
working
The ideal of a(n) __________ woman may be at the heart of the double standard of aging.
young and sexually attractive
