Psychology chapter 2

A group of preschool-age children is enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time to asses behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. this is an example of a(n) .......... design

Longitudinal

A negative correlation means ........

One variable decreases as the other increases

...... Refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result

Reliability

........ can be used to assess .........

Statistical analyses; reliability

A(n) ............ is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena

Theory

One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?

There is a relationship between gender and intended major.

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could research peer- reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.

Rodents are the most commonly used species for animal research.

True

A basic experiment involves a minimum of ......... Participant group(s)

Two

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

Type of play; no play

........ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure

Validity

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

Watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets.

A clinical case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.

true

A confounding variable is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

true

The ......... is controlled by the experimenter

Independent variable

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

Are possible to test with animal studies

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ........... of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

Case Study

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

Confirmation Bias

The ......... variable measures effects of the independent variable.

Dependent

In a ........... study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

Double-blind

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) .................

Experiment

University experiments are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

False

The dependent variable group does not get the experimental treatment.

False, the control group does not get the experimental treatment

An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework then they are with other standardized intelligence tests. this test has ......... reliability and ........... validity

High; low

The scientific process is ....... , involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

circular