Psychology Chapter 2 Test
survey
gathering info by asking people directly
ethics
standards for proper and responsible behavior
false, ethics
Confidentiality and avoiding deception are part of the psychologist's code of (variables).
false, validate
If a researcher's research observations (oppose) his or her original theory, then he or she can conclude that the theory is correct.
true
When conducting a survey, it is important to identify your (target population).
true
Psychologists begin their studies by framing (research questions).
true
Psychologists might spend many years (analyzing) the results of their testing.
true
Questionnaires and (interviews) are two methods researchers use to conduct surveys and gather info.
bias
a predisposition to a certain point of view despite what the facts suggest
replicated
a study must be replicated before the findings can be confirmed
constructs
can be assumed they're present, but can't be seen or measured directly
validation
Researcher and experimentation can lead to the _____ of a psychological theory and to the acceptance of its soundness.
Form research question, form a hypothesis, test your hypothesis, analyzing your results, drawing conclusion, and replicate your experiment to create new questions
Steps of scientific research
false, independent
The factor that researchers manipulate in an experiment is called the (dependent) variable.
true
The people who volunteer to participate in a survey may reflect (volunteer bias).
standard deviation
measure of distance of every score to the mean
correlation
measure of how closely one thing is related to another
lab observation
observed behavior in a lab rather than in the field
negative correlation
one goes up, second goes down
positive correlation
one goes up, second goes up
sample
part of the population
single-blind study
participants don't know if they are experimental or control group
double-blind study
participants nor researchers are unaware of who receives treatment
experimental group
receive the treatment
longitudinal method
researchers select a group of participants and then observe those participants over a period of time, often years or decades
cross-sectional method
researchers select a sample that includes people of different ages
stratified sample
subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample
placebo
substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person's belief in its effect
true
(Standard deviation) is a measure of the distance of every score in a test to the mean score.
false, stratified sample
A (random sample) of a population always represents the exact proportional makeup of that population.
false, random sample
A (stratified sample) of a population is chosen by chance from the general population.
false, hypothesis
After forming a research question, a psychologist will form a (theory), or educated guess.
true
One way to prevent bias is to conduct a (double-blind) study, in which neither the experimenters nor the participants know who is receiving the treatment.
dependent variable
depends on the independent variable
volunteer bias
different outlook from people who do not volunteer for research studies
control group
doesn't receive treatment
hypothsesis
educated guess
independent variable
factor that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect
variables
factors that can vary
naturalistic observation
field study
case study
in-depth investigation of an individual or a small group
random sample
individuals are selected by chance from the target population
target population
whole group you want to study or describe