Psychology Chapter 4

Antoine can't seem to focus in class today. So he's not asleep his mind appears to be drifting off leading to thoughts of his girlfriend his job and upcoming events of the day. Antoine appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness?

Altered

David often experience asleep seizures during the day he probably suffers from

Narcolepsy

While in the middle of a conversation with his coworker jackson unexpectedly slipped into a state of sleep falling to the floor as he lost control of the muscles in his body. Jackson appears to have a condition called

Narcolepsy

Depressant drugs derived from the opium plant are called

Narcotics

According to the __________, a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep.

activation-synthesis hypothesis

The ______ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution

adaptive

Night terrors are experienced

during deep non-REM sleep

As _______ accumulates in the body a person will begin to feel sleepy

melatonin

As the sun goes down, Ebony begins to feel sleepy. It is likely that Ebony's sleepiness is the result of an increase in her level of ________.

melatonin

Evelyn smoke cigarettes when she was younger but had no problem quitting. Through 10 years have passed since Evelyn touched a cigarette every now and then she gets a strong craving to smoke again. Evelyn is craving is most likely the result of

psychological addiction

About _____ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects

40

Nearly _____ percent of the baby sleep is REM compared to about _____ percent for a normal healthy adult

50;20

According to research which of the following individuals may need the least amount of sleep

67-year-old Roger who retired two years ago

Bruno is participating in a research study on the activation - synthesis hypothesis of dreaming. Which of the following is most likely a part of the study?

A discussion of memories and experiences

Every night Priscilla increases her dose of pain medication noting that the initial dose no longer works. Priscilla seems to have developed

A drug tolerance

A hallucination. That happens just as a person is it in the between state of being in REM sleep and not yet fully awake is

A hypnagogic Hallucination

Foryour old Denise was sound asleep. Suddenly she sat straight up and begin to scream. Her mother tried to calm her down with no success. After about 45 seconds of what appeared to be a panic attack Denise quietly laid back down. When morning came in Denise awoke she cannot remember this incident. It is likely that Denise experienced

A night terror

Ally has a vivid dream and describes it to her friend during the day. Her friend comments you probably dreamt that because you were worried about making the team after the challenging tryouts. This interpretation is based on which dream theory

Activation - synthesis hypothesis

After taking medication for his back Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in the state of

Altered consciousness

_______ is characterized by nausea vomiting and high blood pressure as well as delusions and paranoia

Amphetamine psychosis

Tranquilizers

Are commonly used to treat anxiety

People under hypnosis

Are in a relaxed state

If the brain wave pattern of a person playing a professional game of chess were recorded using an EEG what type of brain waves would most likely be detected

Beta

In the early stages of sleep what waves appear

Beta

Eventually we all must sleep due to our

Biological rhythms

Calvin told his therapist that he wants to stop smoking. During the next visit Calvin's therapist directed Calvin to relax and focus deeply on the sound of his voice and he will soon begin to feel tired. Soon Calvin's eyes begin to close he was told to do a number of other things to which Calvin complied. By the end of the session, Calvin no longer crave cigarettes. What happened?

Calvin allowed himself to be hypnotized

Smoking marijuana

Can cause psychological dependence

Both marijuana and hashish contain

Cannabinoids

________ dependence is most common in the United States after alcohol and nicotine

Cannabis

John uses depressants and has tried every type of depressant drug he could find. Which of the following drug did he probably not use?

Cocaine

For which of the following would have gnosis probably be the most effective

Controlling pain

Archie believes that people who think they are hypnotized are not actually hypnotized at all but that they are simply acting out everything that they are being told to do by the hypnotist. Archie's way of thinking is similar to which of the following theories?

Disassociative theory of hypnosis

Narcotics used in combination with alcohol may cause a lethal

Drug interaction

Opium and it's derivatives duplicate the action of

Endorphins

The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by

Freud

Alcohol stimulates the release of _____ the brains major depressant

GABA

So called supernatural visitations can be explained by hypnagogic hallucinations common during

NREM stage 1 sleep

Astor wanted to try marijuana to experience the effects of which class of drugs

Hallucinogenics

What causes the brain to alter its interpretation of sensations

Hallucinogens

_______ is made by scraping the resin from the leaves of the cannabis sativa plant

Hashish

Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions in alien abduction's can be explained by _______ during the first stage of sleep

Hypnagogic images

As Jason was watching television late one night he was startled by the vivid image of a dead grandmother walking towards him. Well Jason may believe that he actually saw was his deceased grandmother research it today or more likely to explain Jason's experience as being

Hypnogogic

When under the influence of a stimulant you were likely in a state of

Increased alertness

What effect of sleep deprivation have on memory

It decreases long-term memory but has no effect on short-term memory

Which of the following is true about the circadian rhythm

It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete

Which of the following is true about REM sleep

It is when 90% of dreams occur

Which statement about Sleep apnea is true

It may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more

Just before every test Juan goes through a mental exercise to create a trance like state relax and cope with his stress. Juan appears to be engaging in the practice of

Meditation

_____ are used though very rarely to treat Narcolepsy

Methamphatamines

The higher the body temperature the ______ people are

More alert

In the late 1800s ______ was used to treat toothaches. It was not until much later that the drugs problematic characteristics were recognized

Morphine

Jonah is often a victim of bedrooms frequently senator on being left at a store or getting lost and amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Jonah is experiencing

Nightmares

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during

Non-rem (stages 3 and 4)

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness?

Orlando carefully calculated Texas two weeks before taxes are due

_______ is a synthesized drugs so dangerous it is only useful in veterinary medicine as a tranquilizer

PCP

Janice is dreaming about walking her dog. And her dream her dog is flying the sidewalks moving and she's nowhere near that this activity is odd. Janice is probably in _______ sleep

REM

The idea that people derived of REM sleep will become paranoid and seem to be mentally ill is known as the

REM Myth

____ is a phenomenon that a person who was deprived of REM sleep during one night experience is greatly increased amount of ram sleep the next

REM rebound

What is the average length of sleep for elderly people

Six hours

Carmencita all night studying. When she was able to finish her exam she was Unable to focus and much of what she had studied the night before seem to be forgotten. Carmen's inability to remember and to stay focused during her exam is most likely due to

Sleep deprivation

Last night Kayla thought she was awakened by a noise outside her bedroom door. As she tried to get up to see what was going on she couldn't move. She tried to scream out but couldn't make a sound. After several minutes she was able to sit up and think about what just happened. The best explanation according to sleep researchers is that Kayla experienced

Sleep paralysis during REM sleep

The _______ of hypnosis suggest that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are playing the role expected of them in that situation

Social - cognitive theory

Darren uses cocaine recreationally. Darrens drug of choice is a

Stimulant

Simon is fully alert and has clear thoughts and feelings. Simon is in a state of

Waking consciousness

Whenever Caroline goes more than a day without drinking she experiences headaches irritability nausea and cramping and shaking. Caroline is experiencing symptoms of

Withdrawal

After being hypnotized, Jackie reported that there was a part of her that remained aware of everything that was going on. Hilgard might say that Jackie was in a state of hypnotic _______.

dissociation

Insomnia can be helped by

going to bed only when sleepy

According to researchers men tend to

have more physical aggression in their dreams than women

Ecstasy is classified as a

stimulatory hallucinogenic