Psychology Chapter 4

Dr. Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face. Dr. Woolston should consult with his colleague _______, who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of _______.

Erikson; identity

The president of the United States is debating about whether to start a war with country X. If the president is in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning, which of the following reasons would he most likely give for his decision?

We should declare war because our citizens' freedom is at stake

Immediately after birth, Giada's son Maxwell was able to display the rooting reflex. Which of the following behaviors did Giada observe Maxwell doing?

When the corner of his mouth was stroked, Maxwell turned to search for food

When Kate's grandma leans over the crib with a toy in her hand, 8-month-old Kate grasps it and pulls on it. When Kate's mom hangs a set of animals across the crib, Kate reaches up, grabs them, and pulls them down. Kate seems to be working on _______ for grasping and pulling.

a schema

Elizabeth is going to decorate her newborn's room and wants the baby to be able to see the decorations. Which of the following should she use to decorate?

a wall hanging with a large pattern black-and-white checked fabric

While visiting your sister and her 1-year-old son Ian, you notice that Ian becomes distressed whenever your sister leaves the room, can be easily comforted by you while she is gone, and ignores your sister when she comes back into the room. Ian's attachment style to his mother would most likely be described as

ambivalent.

Mary and Eric are outside playing one day when Eric looks up and asks, "What's that big bright ball in the sky?" Mary replies that it is the sun. That night, Eric looks out his bedroom window and sees a big, bright ball in the sky. "Look, Mary, it's the sun!" he exclaims. This example shows that Eric has used _______ for his new knowledge.

assimilation

Simon is learning about the alphabet. He learns the letter O because it is round. If Simon sees the letter C and thinks it's the letter O because it is round, _______ has occurred. If he sees the letter C and thinks it must be a different letter because it is NOT completely round, _______ has occurred.

assimilation; accommodation

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand, 16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is _______, whereas Rebecca's speech is _______.

babbling; telegraphic

Five-year-old Simone is shown two evenly spaced rows of five nickels. When asked which row has "more," Simone responds that the rows are the same. Next, one of the rows of nickels is squished close together. When asked which has "more," Simone responds the row that is still spaced out has more. In this example, Simone has displayed

centration.

Rachel is about to retire from her successful job as a high school teacher, has several grandchildren now in college, and is excited about picking up some hobbies with her newfound free time. Erikson would argue that Rachel is most likely experiencing

generativity

Claudia has been feeling ill for a couple of weeks and finds out she is two weeks pregnant. Up to this point, her baby has been in the ______ period of development, and the _______ has begun to form.

germinal; placenta

A research team finds that an experimental drug causes problems for prenatal development, but only if it is given within the first 20 days of pregnancy. Researchers are worried that this will most likely affect

heart development

Jane is four months pregnant. When describing how her baby is developing, Jane is most likely talking about changes that occur during the _______ period

prenatal

A classic example of sexual reassignment and the social and emotional impact this may have on a person is the case of Bruce Reimer, who was surgically and hormonally reassigned to a female identity (Brenda). Bruce's situation highlights the fact that there is NOT always a match between _______ and _______.

sex; gender identity

Grant wants to do everything he can to keep his wife healthy during her pregnancy. He frequently gives her folic acid because he knows that this helps development of the _______ during the _______ period.

spine and brain; embryonic

Julia is pregnant and she wants to keep healthy throughout her pregnancy. Since her house is old, she has it checked for lead paint because she is afraid of the effect of _______ on the fetus.

teratogens

Sally is playing ball with her friend Anne. When Anne leaves the ball on the couch and goes to the bathroom, Sally hides the ball behind the TV. Sally expects Anne to look for the ball on the couch when she comes back because Anne does not know the ball was moved while she was in the bathroom. Sally is demonstrating that she understands Anne has her own thoughts and intentions that are different from Sally's. Sally has developed

theory of mind

Gretchen is excited when her son Brian demonstrates that he has developed theory of mind and will now be able to

understand that his mom has intentions that guide her actions

Sheila is a life coach who has helped numerous adult clients in varying stages of life. In order to promote positive outcomes in her clients, she is likely to suggest all of the following EXCEPT

wait to start exercising until your 40s