Psychology Exam 2

Theory of Reasoned Action

1. Specific intentions of behavioral change 2.Positive attitude about the new behavior 3.Belief that one's social group looks upon the new behavior favorably

action/willpower

Amit has decided that it is finally time to quit smoking. He started using nicotine patches to help him control the craving to smoke. He is in the ________ stage of the change model.

Contemplation

Individuals acknowledge that they have a problem but may not yet be ready to change

Precontemplation

Individuals are not yet ready to think about changing and may not be aware that they have a problem that needs to be changed

preparation/determination

Individuals are preparing to take action

maintenance

Individuals are successful in continuing their behavior change over time

Which of the following statements is true of the maintenance stages of the change model?

People who feel that they have control over their decision to make a life change are likely to enter this stage.

General Adaptation Syndrome

Selye's term for the common effects of stressful demands on the body, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

You watch as Emma stumbles and drops her books in the hall. In the context of the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain Emma's behavior?

She is a clumsy person

relapse

a return to former unhealthy patterns

Which of the following refers to the inferences that we make in order to explain the causes of others' behavior?

attribution

The elaboration likelihood model

identifies two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.

action/willpower

individuals commit to making a behavioral change and enact a plan

Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n)

positive illusion.

Stages of Change Model

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Festinger's social comparison theory

provides an important rationale for how individuals come to know themselves.

The campaigning committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to display a big, ugly election sign on their lawn. If people refuse, the committee asks them if they would consider putting a smaller sign on the lawn. The committee is using

the door-in-the-face technique.

Susan drives by an unusually colorful apartment building each day on her way to work. Initially, she does not think highly of the structure and has a mild dislike for it. However, after several months of commuting, she starts to like the apartment building and even considers renting an apartment there. This change in Susan's feelings about the building best demonstrates

the mere exposure effect.

When Claudia gets an A on her psychology exam, she believes that it is because she is an intelligent, hard-working student. However, when she receives a C on the exam, she blames the instructor's ineffective teaching style and poor choice of test questions for her poor performance. Claudia's behavior is an example of

the self-serving bias