Psychology Exam 2

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the __________ effect.

Asch

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

What is the implication from the results of the Milgram study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which of these is true regarding the nature of friendships during adulthood?

Quality of friendships becomes more important than quantity.

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has

an external lost of control

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

antisocial personality disorder

A child has a schema that round flat objects are what you eat food on. When they are at a picnic, the child uses a Frisbee as a plate. Which of Piaget's concepts does this illustrate?

assimilation

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

During the strange situation, Jimmy doesn't pay much attention to his mother and is not that distressed when she leaves. Once she comes back, he does show any signs of wanting to be picked up. What type of attachment style would he be classified as?

avoidant

Jim is a very angry person and that is the predominate thing that describes almost all of his personality. According to Gordon Allport what type of trait would angry be considered for Jim?

cardinal

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called

cognitive dissonance

Jorge is almost always on time to everything that he goes to and is very apologetic in the few cases where he is late. One of his friends asks him one day why he is so concerned with this, to which he responded that his parents instilled in him it was rude to be late. What level of moral reasoning is Jorge in according to Kohlberg?

conventional

Which of the following occurs during the embryonic period of prenatal development?

creation of the placenta

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? "So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away."

disorganized thinking

Which approach to attitude change stated that it can happen in two ways, one that has more long term lasting effects and another that has more short-term influences?

elaboration likelihood model

What was the major idea of Freud's developmental stages within his theory? Each has a(n)

erogenous zone we become fixed on

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the __________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the

facial feedback hypothesis

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from

generalized anxiety disorder

Angela is in a meeting at her work and one of her co-workers comes up with an idea about how to solve an issue they are having with one of the projects they are working on. No one says anything and just goes along with the idea without discussing it further. What is this an example of?

groupthink

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Drive theory states that deviations from __________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need.

homeostasis

Latara and Vaughn are of the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in. They begin to date. What does this represent?

homophily

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

humanistic therapy

A(n) __________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress."

insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

The __________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing

mania

The Kinsey scale that was developed by researchers at the Kinsey institute focused on sexual

orientation

Dr. Wohlsom thinks that it is important to focus on researching how the type of neighborhood we live in affects our development, instead of ignoring the effects of these differences. She would agree most with the argument of which of these approaches to development?

particularistic

Kacey's parents make sure she has extravagant birthday parties every year and tell her how wonderful she is every day. Never has she had to do any chores and got a brand new car when she turned sixteen. What type of parenting style do Kacey's parents use?

permissive

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of which two factors?

physiological and cognitive

Jim began to cry when he dropped his cookie and it broke into three smaller pieces. When his mother asked him why he was upset, he said that he did not have as much cookie as before—it used to be big, but now it is small. What stage of development is Jim in, according to Piaget?

preoperational

Deinstitutionalization refers to the

process of closing large asylums

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called

romantic

Facial hair growth in males and breast development in females are examples of what type of sex characteristics?

secondary

The concept of __________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in

social loafing