psychology exam 3

For women, masturbation peaks during their ____. a. 30s b. 20s c. 40s d. 50s

a. 30s

What percentage of female college students reported viewing Internet pornography? a. 31% b. 41% c. 51% d. 61%

a. 31%

Louis Terman, one of the original developers of the Stanford Binet test, conducted a study in the 1920s with 1,500 children who had IQ scores of ____ or higher. a. 140 b. 130 c. 120 d. 150

a. 140

Artists, musicians, inventors, mathematicians, and physicists tend to be most creative during their ____. a. 20s and 30s b. 30s and 40s c. 40s and 50s d. 50s and 60s

a. 20s and 30s

In Zimbabwe, the word for intelligence, ngware, literally means ____. a. "to be prudent and cautious, especially in social relations" b. "a person who possesses many belongings" c. "to be adventurous and high in sensation seeking activities" d. "a person who is outspoken and self-confident"

a. "to be prudent and cautious, especially in social relations"

At climax the typical male will release about _____ sperm. a. 100 to 300 million b. 800 million to 1 billion c. 500,000 to 2 million d. 10 to 20,000

a. 100 to 300 million

Vincent is of European descent and about 10 years ago he noticed his first gray hair. At first he wasn't bothered; however, now his gray hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede. Based upon the information provided what is Vincent's estimated age? a. 40s b. 30s c. 20s d. 50s

a. 40s

At age 18 years, the beginning of emerging adulthood, ____ of Americans have had intercourse at least once, and by age 25 nearly ____ emerging adults have had intercourse a. 50%; all b. 75%; all c. 25%; 75% d. 25%; 50%

a. 50%; all

India has practiced arranged marriages for roughly ____ years. a. 6,000 b. 2,000 c. 1,000 d. 600

a. 6,000

Even with pressure from the global community to discontinue female circumcision in adolescence, it remains common in Africa with rates of over ____ in many countries and above ____ in Mali, Egypt, Somalia, and Djibouti. a. 70%; 90% b. 60%; 80% c. 50%; 70% d. 40%; 60%

a. 70%; 90%

By the middle teenage years, estradiol production in females is about ____ times greater than it was before puberty. a. 8 b. 12 c. 16 d. 20

a. 8

By the time they enter the 11th grade, what percentage of adolescents have experienced a romantic relationship at some point? a. 80% b. 70% c. 60% d. 50%

a. 80%

The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. According to the text, which of the following statements has the greatest degrees of accuracy? a. Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa. b. Anorexia nervosa is slightly more common than bulimia. c. Anorexia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females. d. Bulimia is more common in males than it is in females.

a. Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa.

You are talking to an international student in one of your classes. She told you that before she was admitted to a university in her native country, she had to determine her course of study before she arrived on campus. On which of the following continents is she most likely to have attended college? a. Europe b. South America c. Asia d. Africa

a. Europe

____ is/are the most obvious indicator(s) that aging begins in young adulthood. a. Graying hair b. Thinning skin c. Decrease in bone density d. Cataracts

a. Graying hair

Your 16-year-old son is small and looks young for his age; he's often mistaken for a 12-year-old. As a parent of a late maturing male, what challenges might you expect? a. He is more likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency. b. He is likely to be "antisocial" and prefer to stay at home rather than go out with friends on the weekends. c. He is likely to spend too much time studying. d. He is likely to engage in early sexual behavior.

a. He is more likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency.

In Western countries, what does the question of work and career revolve around for many emerging adults? a. Identity: "What do I really want to do?" b. Finances: "How rich can I get?" c. Altruism: "How can I help others?" d. Religious faith: "Is this what God intends for me?"

a. Identity: "What do I really want to do?"

You and your classmate are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspect that defines adulthood. Your classmate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood. He is likely from which of the following countries? a. India b. Korea c. Israel d. Argentina

a. India

Your friend, whose family is a relatively low SES family, has difficulty believing in the power of an education, recently dropped out of high school, and is now pregnant. Is this a very common occurrence in single women who have low educational attainment? a. It is common; 54% of babies born to the least-educated mothers are born to single mothers. b. It is relatively common; 34% of babies born to the least-educated mothers are born to single mothers. c. It is uncommon; only 14% of babies born to the least-educated mothers are born to single mothers. d. It is very uncommon; only 6% of babies born to the least-educated mothers are born to single mothers.

a. It is common; 54% of babies born to the least-educated mothers are born to single mothers.

Your brother just got married. What is one of the most important things he can do to insure that he stay married? a. Make sure that he contributes to family duties. b. Have a large salary. c. Insist that his wife perform all of the "woman's" duties while he performs the "man's" duties. d. Require that his wife stay home and raise the children

a. Make sure that he contributes to family duties.

____ is the aspect of love that fades fairly quickly in most relationships as partners become used to each other and the stresses and conflicts of daily life accumulate. a. Passion b. Intimacy c. Commitment d. Stability

a. Passion

____ have been shown to be effective treatments for adolescents and adults with depression. a. Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications b. Systematic Desensitization and aversion therapy c. Role-Playing and equine therapy d. Electroshock therapy and psychoanalytic therapy

a. Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

____ are four related factors to marital satisfaction. a. Realistic expectations, shared interests, shared roles and responsibilities, and shared power b. Emotional literacy, financial stability, cognitive ability, and attachment style c. Shared responsibilities, high emotional literacy, high cognitive stability, and temperament d. High job satisfaction, an easy temperament, high emotional stability, and good coping skills

a. Realistic expectations, shared interests, shared roles and responsibilities, and shared power

When adolescents in developed nations have a part-time job, which of the following best captures what they do with the money they earn? a. They are likely to purchase items for themselves, such as clothes. b. They are likely to donate it to charity. c. They are likely to save it for college. d. They are likely to contribute it to their family's living expenses.

a. They are likely to purchase items for themselves, such as clothes.

Scholars believe that continued maturity of the ____ lobe during young adulthood is responsible for the cognitive changes, such as focusing attention and goal-directed behavior, that lead to expertise. a. frontal b. parietal c. occipital d. temporal

a. frontal

You live in a very low SES neighborhood and notice that many of your neighbors are overweight or obese. What is a likely reason for this to be the case? a. Unhealthy foods are inexpensive to purchase and this affects many members of your neighborhood. b. Your neighborhood is not characteristic of lower SES families. c. Your observations are inaccurate. Lower SES individuals have the lowest rates of obesity. d. Your observations are inaccurate. There is no relationship between socioeconomic status and being overweight or obese.

a. Unhealthy foods are inexpensive to purchase and this affects many members of your neighborhood.

You have been interested in kanji, Japanese logograph symbols for many years. In fact, you know about 500 of them, which is extraordinarily advanced. Your friends frequently ask you what the symbols mean because they are interested in getting tattoos of them. You are surprised at how many times they ask you about the same symbol. Why is it that you can learn more kanji symbols easily, but your friends barely learn a few symbols? a. You have considerable knowledge, which assists you in learning more. b. You hang around with friends who are not very intelligent. c. Your friends put very little effort in learning the symbols. d. You have special powers of memorization.

a. You have considerable knowledge, which assists you in learning more.

You overheard your little cousin and her best friend, who are both 8 years old, discussing what they thought about puberty and when they thought those changes would begin. Your cousin is thin and her friend is considerably heavier. Based upon what is described in the text, what is likely to occur in terms of the beginning of puberty for them? a. Your cousin's friend, having more body fat, is likely to begin puberty earlier. b. Your cousin, being thinner, is likely to begin puberty earlier. c. Your cousin's friend, having more body fat is likely to begin puberty later. d. They are not likely to be talking about puberty at this age.

a. Your cousin's friend, having more body fat, is likely to begin puberty earlier.

Research has demonstrated that the timing of the onset of puberty may have psychosocial ramifications for some adolescents. In regards to the onset/timing of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and school problems? a. a girl who experiences early-onset puberty b. a boy who experiences early-onset puberty c. a girl who experiences late-onset puberty d. a boy who experiences late-onset puberty

a. a girl who experiences early-onset puberty

Through the use of mnemonic devices and a greater capacity for selective attention, adolescents' improve their long-term memories; however, ____ also contributes. a. a greater amount of experience and knowledge of the world b. a greater amount of testosterone, which has been shown to enhance memory c. their ability to think concretely and egocentrically of the world d. their ability to question their parents and the world around them

a. a greater amount of experience and knowledge of the world

The classification of addictive substance use is best described as ____. a. a person who has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically b. when a substance is used to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress, or loneliness c. trying a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again d. the use of substances during social activities with one or more friends

a. a person who has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically

Based on research that asked young people from their early teens to their late twenties to rank markers of adulthood, which of the following is a correct order of the three major markers of adulthood? a. accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent b. making independent decisions, accepting responsibility for oneself, and becoming financially independent c. becoming financially independent, making independent decisions, and accepting responsibility for oneself d. accepting responsibility for oneself, becoming financially independent, and making independent decisions

a. accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent

During ____ there is a burst of neurological development that takes place in the brain in which dendritic connections between neurons multiply. a. adolescence b. late childhood c. young adulthood d. middle adulthood

a. adolescence

Several longitudinal studies that examined children with high IQ scores have concluded that IQ is strongly correlated to ____. a. adult success b. marriage failure c. children with behavior problems d. having few adult friends, just like during childhood

a. adult success

For many cultures, marriage has more often been seen as ____. a. an alliance between two families b. a uniting of two individuals c. a mechanism to create more children d. a way to increase the likelihood of survival

a. an alliance between two families

Which of the following are the two major components to cognition in the information processing approach? a. attention and memory b. neural growth and synaptic connections c. parietal and occipital lobes d. visual images and the management of cognitive load

a. attention and memory

Which of the following markers of adulthood is the most consistent with the beliefs and values of individuals who live in collective cultures? a. being able to support one's parents financially b. being financially independent and self-sufficient c. having graduated from high school and college d. living independently in one's house or apartment

a. being able to support one's parents financially

Emerging adults in the United States tend to believe that the most important aspect of religion is the ____. a. belief in God and the encouragement to be a good person b. belief in helping each other become better people c. belief in God and to making sure that all people follow along a strict view of what is right and wrong d. belief in denominational dogma and rules to seek salvation

a. belief in God and the encouragement to be a good person

Ryan engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself. After each binge episode his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly. On a normal day, he will spend two hours at the gym and another hour running. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Ryan might manifest ____. a. bulimia nervosa b. anorexia nervosa c. a feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood d. pica

a. bulimia nervosa

A common view of adolescents is that they are emotional due to their "raging hormones"; however, most scholars view the emotional changes of adolescence as due to ____ more than ____. a. cognitive and environmental factors; biological changes b. biological changes; cognitive and emotional factors c. behavioral consequences; social and emotional factors d. social and emotional factors; behavioral consequences

a. cognitive and environmental factors; biological changes

According to Vygotsky ____ is the basic premise of how learning and cognitive growth occurs. a. cooperative learning b. independent study c. rote memorization d. multichoice testing

a. cooperative learning

As discussed by the author, ____ allows an individual to find problems to solve. a. creativity b. speculation c. a hypothesis d. speculation

a. creativity

Nathan has an antique restoration business and has a great ability to envision a piece of junk as a restored final masterpiece. Throughout his life he has always tinkered with innovative ideas and has always invented new products. It is clear that Nathan possesses high ____. a. creativity b. deductive skills c. social with-it-ness d. concreteness

a. creativity

____ are larger, reputation-based groups of adolescents who are not necessarily friends and do not necessarily spend much time together; in contrast, ____ are small groups of friends who know each other well, do things together, and form a regular social group. a. crowds; cliques b. cliques; crowds c. groups; pods d. pods; groups

a. crowds; cliques

Kohlberg's proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Richard Shweder, who believes that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individual's ____. a. cultural worldview b. intellectual abilities c. social context d. personality factors

a. cultural worldview

In many traditional cultures, young men are required to demonstrate proficiency in warfare, hunting, and fishing in their coming-of-age rituals because ____. a. daily life often requires these capacities b. men are physically stronger than women c. boys cannot perform these tasks d. they are required by national law

a. daily life often requires these capacities

Your 12-year-old sister is constantly being harassed at school. She has done all that she can to avoid and prevent the bullying besides just dropping out. She has decided that all she can do is try to avoid the perpetrators. What can you tell her regarding how long this type of behavior continues? The bullying will ____. a. decrease substantially by late adolescence b. remain about the same throughout adolescence c. intensify as adolescence continues d. slowly decline by late adolescence

a. decrease substantially by late adolescence

Larson and Richards (1994) compared preadolescent 5th-graders to adolescent 8th-graders and found that the percent of time experienced as "very happy" ____. a. decreased by 50% b. decreased by 30% c. increased by 20% d. increased by 60%

a. decreased by 50%

Which of the following is the term used to describe a period of sadness that is not accompanied by any related symptoms? a. depressed mood b. depressive syndrome c. major depressive disorder d. pseudo-depression

a. depressed mood

What is often defined as seeing situations and issues in polarized terms-an act is either right or wrong, with no in-between; a statement is either true or false, regardless of the nuances of the situation? a. dualistic thinking b. situational judgments c. relative-hypothesis testing d. concrete thought

a. dualistic thinking

What is tertiary education? a. education or training programs beyond secondary school b. education or training programs beyond elementary school c. professional education or training programs beyond college d. education or training programs that are mandatory for all citizens of a nation

a. education or training programs beyond secondary school

Jeremy and Shelley have been married for 15 years. From Shelley's perspective, the relationship lacks passion and intimacy. For the past 5 years she has stayed in the marriage for economic reasons. It is clear that commitment alone is the only thing holding the marriage together. According to the triangular theory of love, which of the following best describes Jeremy and Shelley's marriage? a. empty love b. companionship and love c. romantic love d. infatuation

a. empty love

Which of the following represents the capacity of long-term memory? a. essentially unlimited b. 7 plus or minus 2 items c. limited neurologically to 4 billion engrams d. dependent upon the ability of the person to process relevant information

a. essentially unlimited

According to the text, gaining ____ allows an individual to problem-solve. a. expertise b. creativity c. speculation d. a hypothesis

a. expertise

Your 17-year-old nephew is very careful not to get involved with any types of drugs or substances and has no friends who engage in substance use of any kind. His sister, who is 6 years older than he is, had a serious substance abuse problem during her high school years. What type of self is your nephew concerned about? a. feared self b. ideal self c. real self d. fictional self

a. feared self

In the triangular theory of love, which of the following best describes intimacy? a. feelings of closeness and emotional attachment b. the pledge to love someone over a lengthy period of time c. a physical attraction and sexual desire for another person d. a psychological attraction for another based upon the physical characteristics

a. feelings of closeness and emotional attachment

Being able to determine that the length of the string is the solution to the pendulum problem and providing a rationale are hallmarks of hypothetical-deductive reasoning, which is an indicator that they are in _____ stage of cognitive development. a. formal operations b. sensorimotor c. preoperational d. concrete operations

a. formal operations

The college or university experience for many Japanese students taking courses in Japan can be best described as ____. a. four years of university-sanctioned leisure to think and explore b. four years of university-mandated grueling hard work c. four years of commitment and dedication to professional job training d. four years of university-required coursework to pass his or her professional job training exams

a. four years of university-sanctioned leisure to think and explore

During puberty what area of the brain is associated with the overproduction of synaptic connections? a. frontal lobes b. occipital lobes c. temporal lobes d. parietal lobes

a. frontal lobes

Louis Terman's subjects, who had exceptionally high IQ scores, ____. a. had dozens of patents, hundreds of books written, and many other achievements b. were likely to be in childless marriages c. were more likely to be severely depressed d. had very difficult childhoods in that other children constantly made fun of them

a. had dozens of patents, hundreds of books written, and many other achievements

_____ are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood. a. high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders, and digestive problems b. eczema, allergies, influenza, and psoriasis c. hypersomnia, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and jaundice d. nearsightedness, tachycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias

a. high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders, and digestive problems

In China, an adult is considered highly intelligent if he or she possesses ____. a. high levels of humility, self-knowledge, and freedom from conventional standards of judgment b. high school and college degrees, and a high-paying corporate job c. high analytical intelligence, low practical intelligence, and a moderate level of creative intelligence d. low analytical intelligence, but measures high on interpersonal and body-kinesthetic intelligences

a. high levels of humility, self-knowledge, and freedom from conventional standards of judgment

You recently were watching your nephew, who is 13 years old, try to figure out why his bike's gears won't work. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that he is using. You remember just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing, but would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using? a. hypothetical-deductive reasoning b. working backwards c. working in subgoals d. random operations

a. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Piaget proposes that cognitive advances at each stage of development are not only reflected in the answers children provide, but also ____. a. in their explanations for how they arrived at the solution b. by their social-emotional maturity c. by their creative and moral development d. in their emotional and social explanation placement

a. in their explanations for how they arrived at the solution

Your mother has been steadily getting heavier. You would like for her to begin exercising to help reduce her weight. She thinks that she is doing really well in terms of her weight for her age. After visiting the doctor, she still thinks that she is doing well even though she has a BMI of 34. What would you tell her? Her BMI ____. a. indicates that she is obese and definitely needs to lose weight b. indicates that she is doing very well for her age c. indicates that she is very strong and muscular d. is actually lower than most people her age

a. indicates that she is obese and definitely needs to lose weight

Erikson proposed that ____ is the central emotional and psychosocial issue of young adulthood. a. intimacy vs. isolation b. generativity vs. stagnation c. integrity vs. despair d. identity vs. role confusion

a. intimacy vs. isolation

As described in the text, the gender roles for men and women in many developed countries are ____. a. less sharply defined b. more finite and rigid c. less lateralized and more bipolar d. more unilateral and less polarized

a. less sharply defined

In regards to attention, researchers have found that watching television interfered with adolescents' homework performance, but ____. a. listening to music did not b. text messaging on their phones did not c. they received similar grades on their exams to those who did not watch television d. they learned about the same amount as people who did not watch television

a. listening to music did not

Your suitemate has been sad all semester and has cried quite a bit, felt worthless and guilty and is very worried. She also has difficulty sleeping and does not eat much, which has led her to lose quite a bit of weight. What type of depression is she experiencing? a. major depressive disorder b. depressive syndrome c. pseudo-depression d. depressed mood

a. major depressive disorder

The discrepancy between an individual's actual self and their ideal self is greatest during the time period of ____. a. mid-adolescence b. middle childhood c. late childhood. d. late adolescence.

a. mid-adolescence

According to the text, ____ are ways of organizing information into coherent patterns that enhance memory storage. a. mnemonic devices b. selective attention c. divided attention d. retrieval clues

a. mnemonic devices

Due to the natural aging process, during adulthood the heart muscle starts to become ____, but this is not noticeable except during times of ____. a. more rigid; intense physical activity b. more pliable; deep relaxation c. more pliable; intense physical activity d. more rigid; deep relaxation

a. more rigid; intense physical activity

It is a challenge to definitively say that intelligence quotient (IQ) scores predict career success because ____> a. most real-world problems are often complicated and do not have the kind of simple, definite solutions that IQ tests reward b. IQ exams lack the ability to measure a person's working memory and intellectual quotient accurately c. most IQ tests are given in a group format and this does not measure a person's ability to manage his or her social environment d. most IQ questions are too complex and cannot be applied to everyday situations

a. most real-world problems are often complicated and do not have the kind of simple, definite solutions that IQ tests reward

David Buss (2003) proposes that the element of ____ ranks first among marriage criteria across countries. a. mutual attraction-love b. dependable character c. emotional stability and maturity d. a pleasant predisposition

a. mutual attraction-love

According to the text, girls tend to use physical appearance as a factor in determining their global self-esteem. As a result, girls are more likely to view their physical appearance ____. a. negatively; their global self-esteem is quite low b. positively; their global self-esteem is high c. neutrally; their global self-esteem is variable throughout adolescence d. negatively; their global self-esteem is very high

a. negatively; their global self-esteem is quite low

Amity is an adult with a BMI of 27. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as ____. a. overweight b. average in weight c. underweight d. obese

a. overweight

A "semi-arranged marriage" can be best described as one in which ____. a. parents introduce a potential mate to their child. If the young person has a favorable impression of the potential mate, they date a few times. If they agree that they are compatible, they marry b. parents screen applicants as a potential mate. They convene and discuss the characteristics of applicants with other high status family members, interview top candidates, and select the best one for their child c. parents allow their children to date freely and as their child introduces them to a potential mate, parents screen and interview. After this process, parents provide their child with an official recommendation of whom to marry d. parents use the Internet to screen and select potential mates for their child. After creating a pool of applicants, parents then facilitate an Internet relationship between potential mates and their child. Based upon the relationships that develop, parents select the best mate for their child

a. parents introduce a potential mate to their child. If the young person has a favorable impression of the potential mate, they date a few times. If they agree that they are compatible, they marry

In Sternberg's model, what type of love involves physical attraction and sexual desire? a. passion b. commitment c. intimacy d. desire

a. passion

The male sperm and the female egg, the ova, can be classified as ____. a. primary sexual characteristics b. secondary sexual characteristics c. tertiary sexual characteristics d. gender determining characteristics

a. primary sexual characteristics

Dendritic connections between neurons are pared down through a process called synaptic ____. a. pruning b. cutting c. weeding d. rooting

a. pruning

Compared to novices, experts tend to be ____. a. quicker and more efficient in solving problems b. more laid back and engage in greater degree of social loafing c. more patient and meticulous at problem-solving d. conscientious and diligent in problem-solving

a. quicker and more efficient in solving problems

It is improper to use a person's weight as the sole indicator of physical well-being; it is more appropriate to look at an individual's body mass index (BMI). Which of the following is calculated to determine a person's BMI? a. ratio of height to weight b. maximum carbon dioxide replacement c. skin fold thickness d. heart rate after 1 minute of intense exercise

a. ratio of height to weight

Ms. Smith is a 3rd grade teacher who uses cooperative learning in her classroom. In creating groups of students she equally distributes high-achieving, moderate-achieving, and low-achieving students so there is one student of each category in every group. Based upon the skills of each student, Ms. Smith knows that the high-achieving students can help the moderate-achieving students, and in turn, the moderate-achieving students can help the low-achieving students. It is clear that Ms. Smith is using the principle of ____ in her classroom. a. scaffolding b. accommodation c. assimilation d. psychosocial moratorium

a. scaffolding

You are in class listening to the instructor, but the students on both sides of you are having separate quiet conversations. For some reason, you are able to block out their conservations and maintain your focus and attention on the lecture. What skill are you utilizing? a. selective attention b. ignoring c. focused attention d. divided attention

a. selective attention

An adolescent's ____, is how scholars define the actual self . a. self-conception b. real self c. imagined self d. fictional self

a. self-conception

What ethnic identity status involves associating only with member of one's own ethnic group and rejecting the way of the majority culture? a. separation b. assimilation c. marginality d. biculturalism

a. separation

In the United States, tertiary education is mainly paid for by ____, whereas in other industrialized countries it is paid for by ____. a. students and their parents; the government b. the government; students and their parents c. students and their parents; corporate endowments d. corporate endowments; students and their parents

a. students and their parents; the government

As stated in the text, with respect to pubertal development, the most important androgen is ____ and the most important estrogen is ____. a. testosterone; estradiol b. dopamine; serotonin c. cortisol; relaxin d. thalamus; hypothalamus

a. testosterone; estradiol

Which of the following is the most notable change in family relationships that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence in American society? a. the decline in the amount of time spent with family members b. the increase in amount of homework that adolescents are assigned in school c. the increase in amount of friends added to their social network d. the decrease in amount of friends in their social network

a. the decline in the amount of time spent with family members

Among scholars there is widespread support for the belief that Piaget's formal operations stage constitutes a universal human potential in the realm of cognitive ability; however, ____. a. the form it takes is dependent upon on the kinds of cognitive requirements people in that culture face b. there is very little support for this position c. no one can figure out how to test this hypothesis d. only a very small and select group of elite humans have this potential

a. the form it takes is dependent upon on the kinds of cognitive requirements people in that culture face

____ is a factor that contributes to a heightened self-conscious state that many adolescents experience. a. the imaginary audience b. the personal fable c. egocentrism d. decentration

a. the imaginary audience

Which of the following is a primary reason why many cultures encourage young wedded adults to have sex frequently? a. to produce children b. to maintain a happy and satisfying relationship c. to nurture their libido d. to satisfy the unconscious id

a. to produce children

Blonca is from Latin America and is excited to celebrate her quinciñeara. She has picked out the most beautiful dress and she knows that all of her family and friends will be there. Blonca will soon ____. a. turn 15 years old b. have a baby c. graduate from high school d. get married

a. turn 15 years old

Research by Pascarella and Terenzini (1991, 2005, 2006) examining the benefits of tertiary education in the United States has found ____. a. verbal and quantitative skills increase as a function of attending college b. oral and written communication skills do not change from high school c. unfortunately, critical thinking skills decrease d. over the course of college, students place more emphasis on college as a pathway to a better job

a. verbal and quantitative skills increase as a function of attending college

Which of the following best describes how many young people in developed countries believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood? a. very few b. some c. most d. nearly all

a. very few

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one could say that Tran will experience puberty ____ others did in her family's history. a. younger than b. older than c. later that d. similar to when

a. younger than

According to Labouvie-Vief, how would an adolescent who is in formal operations respond to the following scenario? "A man who was a heavy drinker, especially at parties, was warned by his wife that if he came home drunk one more time, she would leave him and take the children. Sometime later he went to an office party and came home drunk. What will she do?" a. "Did he apologize and beg her not to leave? Did she really mean it when she said she would leave him?" b. "She said she would leave if he came home drunk once more, he came home drunk, therefore she will leave." c. "Does she have some place to go? Has she considered the possible effects on the children?" d. "Does she really want him to leave? Because if he does is she really going to start the separation or divorce process? It was most likely just a threat."

b. "She said she would leave if he came home drunk once more, he came home drunk, therefore she will leave."

What percentage of individuals in industrialized countries obtained post-secondary education one hundred years ago? a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20%

b. 10%

Ryan is an aircraft mechanic for a large airline company and is very successful in his career. By many, he is considered the best, an expert in the field. Leaving high school at the age of 18, he enlisted in the US Air Force and fixed aircraft until he was 28 years old. Knowing how long it takes to develop an expertise in any given field, what is the minimum age Ryan can be? a. 32 years old b. 28 years old c. 36 years old d. 44 years old

b. 28 years old

Limitations in terms of exploring options in love and work are narrower for ____. a. Boys in traditional cultures b. Girls in traditional cultures c. Boys in developed countries d. Girls in developed countries

b. Girls in traditional cultures

What happens to the relationship between parents and emerging adults once the young person leaves home? a. It deteriorates. b. It improves. c. It progressively declines. d. Is remains essentially the same.

b. It improves.

Between the ages of 25 and 50 an individual's basal metabolic rate ____. a. increases b. declines c. remains consistently the same d. increases until age 40 and then declines

b. declines

Your sister is 24 years old, lives by herself, and although she has tried very hard to find a job, she is still unemployed. As a result, she is at a higher risk for ____. a. boredom b. depression c. antisocial behavior d. anger

b. depression

Peng and Nisbett (1999) found that Chinese college students were more likely than American college students to prefer ____. a. non-pragmatic solutions b. dialectical proverbs containing contradictions c. pragmatic solutions d. formal operational thought containing no contradictions

b. dialectical proverbs containing contradictions

Research has discovered that as individuals spend more time in college, the goal of college becomes ____. a. less satisfying and more job orientated b. less vocational and more self-enhancing c. less enjoyable and more career-focused d. less job oriented more career training

b. less vocational and more self-enhancing

What is defined as when people believe others possess certain characteristics simply as a result of being a member of a particular group? a. discrimination b. stereotype c. negative behaviors d. unconscious association

b. stereotype

Critics of Piaget's theory of cognitive development propose ____. a. there are neurological differences and social stratification b. there are individual differences and cultural variations c. there is developmental sequencing and continued neurological migration d. there are immeasurable and invalid variables

b. there are individual differences and cultural variations

What percentage of emerging adults report never using contraception? a. 20% b. 15% c. 10% d. 5%

c. 10%

Approximately what percentage of American emerging adults "return to the nest" of their parents' house at least once to live there after they initially left? a. 10% b. 20% c. 40%

c. 40%

Based upon the text, what happens to physical activity through the twenties and thirties across developed countries? a. It continuously drops. b. Because of starting families, young adults are more physically active because they are likely playing with their children. c. Due to starting careers, physical activity increases tremendously.

c. Due to starting careers, physical activity increases tremendously.

Why does it take much longer to complete an undergraduate degree than it did a few decades ago? a. Students are not academically prepared for university training and must take remedial coursework. b. Students lack focus and change their majors quite a few times, which adds time on to their academic programs. c. Financial concerns require that students also work, which increases the time to complete the degree. d. There are many students who transfer to a different institution that does not accept all of their previous credits.

c. Financial concerns require that students also work, which increases the time to complete the degree.

What happens to self-esteem for most people during emerging adulthood? a. It declines abruptly. b. It declines gradually. c. It rises. d. It remains at the same level as adolescence.

c. It rises.

When economic growth in a world economy is increasingly based on information, technology and services, what is required? a. a high number of laptops per capita b. a banking system willing to fund experimental projects c. an educated population

c. an educated population

During emerging adulthood individuals move away from their family. According to the text, which of the following three ways do emerging adults move away from the family? a. cognitively, socially, and behaviorally b. emotionally, physically, and geographically c. geographically, socially, and emotionally d. physiologically, geographically, and spiritually

c. geographically, socially, and emotionally

Most people in emerging adulthood move toward making definite, long-term choices in ____. a. areas in which to live b. where to attend college c. love and work d. starting a family

c. love and work

Adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations refers to ____. a. practicality b. concrete thinking c. pragmatism d. applied logic

c. pragmatism

When a person develops relative thought, he or she is ____. a. able to perform mental operations on tangible problems, but lack abstract thought b. able to view the world in terms of right or wrong, and in terms of black or white c. limited to one perspective, and interview situations is only having one outcome. d. able to recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view

d. able to recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view

What approach involves developing a dual identity, one based in the ethnic group of origin and one based in the majority culture? a. separation b. assimilation c. marginality d. biculturalism

d. biculturalism