Psychology Exam 3

The Golden Ratio according to the laws of attraction is a face that is 1.5 long than it is wide. height and weight proportions. an equal amount of similar likes and dislikes. time spend proportionately with each other.

a face that is 1.5 long than it is wide.

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations is a ingroup bias family roles social script stereotype

social script

The process by which members of minority groups come to identify with and feel part of mainstream culture is called Prejudice Ethnic Identity Ethnocentrism Acculturation

Acculturation

__________________ is any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally. Aggression Critical thinking Assault Groupthink

Aggression

Jane Elliott's experiment with brown and blue eyed participants is an example of: Discrimination Behaviorism Conditioning All of the above

All of the above

What groups are often frequent targets of prejudice? LGBTQ community Belief systems Gender All of the above

All of the above

_______________ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others Social exchange theory Peacemaking Altruism Social reciprocity

Altruism

Which of the following is an example of an outgroup? An American in Japan A police officer on a police force A cadette in the Girl Scouts A steelworker in a union

An American in Japan

What is NOT one of the characteristic of an altruist? Average income, lives like everyone else Humility (they don't think they're any different than anyone else) Very compassionate, more than normal Able to recognize the fear in others

Average income, lives like everyone else

The tendency of a person to be less likely to offer help to someone if there is another person present is called Social Exchange Theory Bystander Effect Fundamental Attribution Theory Social Loafing

Bystander Effect

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? Self-censorship - deciding to keep quiet rather than make trouble An illusion of invulnerability - the group believes it can do no wrong Pressure on nonconformists to conform - the leader teases or humiliates nonconformists or pressures them to go along Dispensable contributions - group members share benefits equally no matter what their contribution

Dispensable contributions - group members share benefits equally no matter what their contribution

When one side first announces its recognition of mutual interests and its intent to reduce tensions and then initiates one or more small, conciliatory acts is an application of Social facilitation Harm reduction Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction Peace promotion

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction

___________________ amplifies victim blaming, for example in Pakistan, rape victims have been sentenced to severe punishment for violating adultery prohibitions. Hindsight bias scapegoat theory system justification outgroup homogeneity

Hindsight bias

People tend to marry someone who lives or works nearby. This is an example of what principle of attraction? Altruism Mere exposure effect Similarity Physical attractiveness

Mere exposure effect

What is one way to promote peace? Shared goals that could be achieved only through cooperation Standing up for your beliefs regardless of what others think Treating others as they treat you Voicing opinions that are different than others

Shared goals that could be achieved only through cooperation

Psychologists who study how we think about, influence, and relate to one another are called Sociologists Environmental Psychologists Personality Psychologists Social Psychologists

Social Psychologists

What is NOT one of the three enduring characteristics to enduring love? Positive Support Wealth Self-disclosure Equity

Wealth

Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that animals can be bred for aggressiveness. aggressive behavior varies widely from culture to culture. stimulation of an area of the brain's limbic system produces aggressive behavior. a higher-than-average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males.

a higher-than-average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males.

Dexter enters an elevator and stands in it, facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. Dexter is violating: a stereotype. a norm. a social role. his gender role.

a norm.

Based on experiments that mimicked the Milgram study, social psychologists learned what about the power of the individual? When feeling pressured, some people react by doing the opposite of what is expected. Social control (the power of the situation) and personal control (the power of the individual) interact. The powers of social influence are enormous, but so are the powers of the committed individual. all of the above

all of the above

Observations of behavior show that the odds of our helping someone depend on the characteristics of the person the situation our own internal state all of the above

all of the above

Psychologists study implicit prejudice by testing for unconscious group associations. considering unconscious patronization. both a and b. none of the above.

both a and b.

Kitty Genovese is known in social psychology because of the bystander effect. she helped people cross a suspension bridge. she was murdered and no one helped. both a and c.

both a and c.

A type of internal tension that occurs when a persons actions are not consistent with their attitudes is fundamental attribution error depression cognitive dissonance attributions

cognitive dissonance

To a social psychologist, a ____________ is a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. misbelief disagreement conflict social trap

conflict

The term that refers to the tendency to adjust one's behavior to coincide with some group standard is social influence cognitive dissonance culture conformity

conformity

When those who feel frustrated become angry and aggressive, this is referred to as the ______________________________. frustration-aggression principle. just world phenomenon cognitive dissonance fundamental attribution error

frustration-aggression principle.

You are trying to convince your parents to finance your planned trip to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as: minority influence. social influence getting a foot in the door. peripheral route persuasion.

getting a foot in the door.

News feeds and retweets that fuel one another with information—and misinformation is an example of deindividuation attribution theory central route persuasion group polarization

group polarization

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for group harmony overrides realistic and critical thinking is called deindividuation groupthink social loafing group polarization

groupthink

Zimbardo designed the Stanford Prison Experiment in order to study _____. how university students react in stressful situations why the prisoners at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq were abused how far prison guards will go to control inmates how social roles affect people's behavior

how social roles affect people's behavior

When we accept others' opinions about reality, as when reading online movie and restaurant reviews, we are responding to conformity deindividuation normative social influence informational social influence

informational social influence

The more familiar a stimulus becomes, the more we tend to like it. This exemplifies the ______________________ effect. proximity mere exposure effect similarity bystander

mere exposure effect

Our enemies often have many of the same negative impressions of us as we have of them. This exemplifies the concept of _______________ perceptions. prejudicial mirror-image fundamental attribution anti-social

mirror-image

All cultural groups evolve their own rules for expected behavior, called roles norms conformity attributes

norms

After vigorous exercise, you meet an attractive person, and you are suddenly seized by romantic feelings for that person. This response supports the two-factor theory of emotion, which assumes that emotions, such as passionate love, consist of physical arousal plus our interpretation of that arousal. a reward. proximity. companionate love.

our interpretation of that arousal.

emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal physical arousal plus passionate love cognitive appraisal plus passionate love passionate love plus emotional arousal

physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal

Which of the following factors is the MOST powerful predictor of friendship? similarity in age common racial and religious background similarity in physical attractiveness physical proximity

physical proximity

We will like those whose behavior is rewarding to us, including those who are both able and willing to help us achieve our goals is what theory of attraction? reward theory of attraction companionate theory mirror image perceptions none of the above

reward theory of attraction

"Fake it until you make it" is an example of social pressure conformity role playing the chameleon effect

role playing

The most frightening instance of the ___________________ was during the holocaust when Adolf Hitler blamed the Jews for the misfortune of Germany. just-world phenomenon scapegoat theory in-group bias frustration-aggression theory

scapegoat theory

What you do well, you are likely to do even better in front of an audience, especially a friendly audience. What social psychology principle explains this? group polarization social facilitation social loafing groupthink

social facilitation

One way of resolving conflicts and fostering cooperation is by giving rival groups shared goals that help them override their differences. These are called goals. complimentary peaceful GRIT subordinate

subordinate

Ethnocentrism is the belief that your own religion, culture, or nation is superior to all others the part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, religious or political group, occupation, or other social affiliation a summary impression of a group, in which a person believes that all members of the group share a common trait or traits a person's identification with a racial or ethnic group

the belief that your own religion, culture, or nation is superior to all others

Culture is best defined as a social system that is unique to people with a specific ethnic background. the set of enacted and enforced laws in a society. the enduring behaviors, ideas, attributes, values, and traditions of a group of people. rules for expected behavior for a specific group of people at a certain moment in history.

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attributes, values, and traditions of a group of people.

Most people prefer mirror-image photographs of their faces. This is best explained by mirror-image perceptions. the principle of self-disclosure. the mere exposure effect. the principle of equity.

the mere exposure effect.

Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if he person feels competent and secure. no one else will observe the person's behavior. the group members have diverse opinions. the person admires the group's status.

the person admires the group's status.

What is NOT one of the conditions Milgram discovered in his obedience study? there were other role models for defiance the person giving the orders was close at hand and was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure the authority figure was supported by a powerful or prestigious institution the victim was depersonalized or at a distance, even in another room

there were other role models for defiance

One way in which stereotypes can distort reality is that: they exaggerate differences within stereotyped groups. they make it seem like groups are different, when in reality, most groups are exactly the same. they increase awareness of evidence that contradicts stereotypes. they exaggerate differences between groups.

they exaggerate differences between groups.