Psychology Learning Quiz 8

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because a) he is unmotivated to do well in school. b) the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class. c) his parents had an argument the evening before the test. d) he was not given enough time to complete the test.

A

In Milgram's original obedience experiment, participants who were assigned the role of "teacher" a) were deceived about the real role of the "learner" and the level of shock that he actually received. b) were told to stop whenever they felt the slightest discomfort about what they were doing. c) seemed to enjoy shocking the "learner," especially at the higher voltage levels. d) quickly figured out that the "learner" was not really being shocked.

A

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: a) normative social influence. b) mirror-image perceptions. c) the mere exposure effect. d) social facilitation.

A

Monica sees Laurena, who is normally shy, give a speech in class with confidence. Monica therefore attributes Laurena's behavior to the course requirement. Monica's explanation for Laurena's behavior is an example of a) a situational attribution. b) cognitive dissonance. c) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. d) a dispositional attribution.

A

The mental process people use to explain their behavior and the behavior of others is called a) an attribution. b) an attitude. c) cognitive dissonance. d) the fundamental attribution error.

A

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when a) the experimenter was perceived to be an ordinary college student like themselves. b) the "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher." c) they saw that other "learners" disobeyed the experimenter. d) they saw how "learners" who disobeyed the experimenter were punished.

B

Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrated a) group polarization. b) the chameleon effect. c) social loafing. d) social control.

B

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when a) participants announce their own answers only after the other group members have done so. b) participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers. c) it is very difficult to make correct judgments. d) judgments are made in a group that has more than three people.

B

_____________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. a) Dispositional attributions b) Informational social influence c) Normative social influence d) Situational attributions

B

Attributing a behavior to a person's stable, enduring traits is known as a) central route persuasion. b) a situational attribution. c) a dispositional attribution. d) peripheral route persuasion.

C

Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of a) aggression. b) altruism. c) learning. d) visual perception.

C

Dr. Cheng studies social influence. He is concerned because he is finding that the rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference? a) Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country where the focus is on the independent self, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that is sensitive to social norms. b) Dr. Cheng has only male participants, whereas his cousin has only female participants. c) Dr. Cheng uses more stringent statistical procedures, making it more likely he will find the results he seeks. d) Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that honors group standards, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

D

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______. a) obedient role model; "teacher" b) "teacher"; "learner" c) "teacher"; defiant role model d) "learner"; experimenter

D

In all of Milgram's obedience experiments, participants were deceived about: a) the association of the research with a prestigious university. b) Milgram's professional status as a research psychologist. c) how much they would actually be paid for participating in the research. d) the amount of shock the victim actually received.

D

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to a) dispositional attributions. b) role playing. c) cognitive dissonance. d) situational attributions.

D

Informational social influence is defined as a) influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval from others. b) improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others. c) adjusting our behavior to coincide with a group standard. d) influence resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality.

D

Juan's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them, even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might be strengthening Juan's conformity to the group? a) His friends make him feel incompetent sometimes. b) He admires the group's status. c) His culture strongly encourages respect for social standards. d) All of these things are contributing to Juan's desire to conform to the group.

D

Professor Hegg conducts research on cultural factors that contribute to the development of romantic love. Which specialty area does the professor's research best represent? a) cognitive psychology b) personality psychology c) clinical psychology d) social psychology

D

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others. a) attitudes; cognitive dissonance b) cognitive dissonance; attitudes c) personal dispositions; situational influences d) situational influences; personal dispositions

D

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________. a) attitudes; cognitive dissonance b) situational constraints; personality traits c) cognitive dissonance; attitudes d) personality traits; situational constraints

D