Psychology Mid term
The whole id different from the sum of its parts would be said by a psychologist from which psychological perspective?
Gestalt Psychology
Replicated research
Research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and groups of participants, to increase confidence in prior findings.
a psychologist interested in how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others is interested in what area of psychology?
Social
Psychodynamic perspective
The approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control.
Cognitive perspective
The approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.
Humanistic perspective
The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
Behavioral perspective
The approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study.
Neuroscience perspective
The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions.
Scientific method
The approach through which psychologists systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest.
Experimental manipulation
The change that an experimenter deliberately produces in a situation.
Free will
The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual.
Determinism
The idea that people's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.
Experiment
The investigation of the relationship between two (or more) variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation.
Treatment
The manipulation implemented by the experimenter.
Which number indicates a strong negative correlation
-.75
Informed consent
A document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve.
Hallucinogen like marijuana, MDMA( ecstasy or molly) and LSD
A drug that is capable of producing hallucinations, or changes in the perceptual process.
Placebo
A false treatment, such as a pill, drug, or other substance, without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient.
Control group
A group participating in an experiment that receives no treatment
Hypothesis
A prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
Random assignment to condition
A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or conditions on the basis of chance and chance alone.
Introspection
A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus.
Correlational research
Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or correlated.
Gestalt psychology
An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a whole sense rather than on the individual elements of perception.
Functionalism
An early approach to psychology, led by William James, that concentrated on what the mind does the functions of mental activity and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
Case study
An in depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people
Experimental group
Any group participating in an experiment that receives a treatment.
Variables
Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way.
Theories
Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.
Stimulants like amphetamines, cocaine, benzedrine, dexedrine
Drugs that have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
Narcotics like herion, morphine, oxycodone
Drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
Psychoactive drugs
Drugs that influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.
Addictive drugs
Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases, may be nearly irresistible.
Depressants like alcohol, barbiturates, rohypnol
Drugs that slow down the nervous system
A psychologist can establish a cause-and-effect relationship through research by carrying out a(an)
Experiment that demonstrates the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable
Experimental bias
Factors that distort how the independence variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment.
Significant outcome
Meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses.
Naturalistic observation
Research in which an investigator observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation.
Archival research
Research in which existing data, such as census documents, college records, online databases, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis.
Survey research
Research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes.
Which area of psychology focuses on the consistency in behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another?
Personality
Operational definition
The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed
Independent variable
The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter.
Dependent variable
The variable that is measured in an experiment. It is expected to change as a result of the experimenters manipulation of the independent variable.
Dr.Dre is conducting an experiment to see the effects of loud music on people's ability to concentrate. Which statement is most likely to be true
The volume of the music is the independent variable and the ability to concentrate is the dependent variable
structuralism
Wundt's approach, which focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental component of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.
sport psychology
applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise
when considering the key psychological issues which is not true
behavioral psychology favors nature over nurture
evolutionary psychology
considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
environmental psychology
considers the relationship between people and their physical environment
clinical psychology
deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
developmental psychology
examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
behavioral neuroscience
examines the biological basis of behavior
health psychology
explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
program evaluation
focuses on assessing large-scale programs, such as the head start preschool program, to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals
psychology of women
focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women
forensic psychology
focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories
personality psychology
focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
cognitive psychology
focuses on the study of higher mental processes
counseling psychology
focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
cross-cultural psychology
investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
educational psychology
is concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance
industrial/organizational psychology
is concerned with the psychology of the workplace
school psychology
is devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems
social psychology
is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
A Humanistic Psychologist is concerned with
people reaching their full potential
Behavioral genetics
studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior
experimental psychology
studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world
A person studying human factors psychology is interested in
the interaction between humans and machines
clinical neuropsychology
unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders
the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline is generally considered to have occurred when
wilhelm wundt established the first experimental laboratory devoted to psychological phenomena