psychology quiz #3

There are about ________ phonemes in the English language.

50

Crystalized intelligence peaks around ___ and fluid intelligence peaks around _____.

60;20

Short-term memory can hold about ___________ numbers. 1 7 15 20

7

In regard to personality, what is the primary difference between behaviorists and social learning theorists (SLT)? Behaviorists believe that personality is derived from reinforcement/punishment while SLTs believe that one also learns by observation. A) Behaviorists believe your personality is only what you do, not what you feel or think. B) Behaviorists believe that personality traits change often while SLTs believe they are more constant. C) Behaviorists believe that personality is formed by what is D) beneficial to the individual while SLTs believe personality is formed by what is beneficial to a society as a whole.

??? behaviorist believe that personality is derived from reinforcement/punsihment while SLT's believe that one also learns by observation.

What is the Flynn effect? A) The intelligence scores for the general population have been observing gains over the last few decades. B) There has been a steady increase in what is known as crystallized intelligence over the last few generations, while other types of intelligence have remained static. C) The levels of descriptive intelligence are maximizing earlier and earlier with each group of incoming children into American school districts. D) None of the above are correct

A

When someone asks Sara where she was when 9/11 happened, she thinks back and remembers the wooden desk with the red chair she was sitting in, in her third grade classroom. The memory of this desk is a(n) _______________. A) Episodic memory B) Semantic memory C) Procedural memory D) None of these

A- Episodic memory

Which type of memory is involved when your eyes encode light energy to signals that can be used by the brain? A) Sensory Memory B) Attention Memory C) Short-Term Memory D) Long-Term Memory

A- Sensory Memory

An insurance provider who is familiar with the research of Kahneman and Tversky will frame advertisements ______________. A) To encourage being Risk-Avoidant B) To encourage being Risk-Seeking C) In a way that indicates a higher expected value D) In a way that indicates a lower expected value

A- encourage being risk-AVOIDant

Genevieve is a heavy smoker and has been for a number of years. Despite efforts to quit, she cannot seem to break the habit. Which developmental stage would Freud say that she was stuck in? A) oral B) anal C) phallic D) latent

A- oral

A(n) _____________ makes it more likely that you will find the correct answer, but ______________ will save time.

Algorithm; heuristics

Amnesia is defined as when memories __________.

Are never stored in LTM

In Freud's theory, the part of our minds that are actively aware is known as the: A) Preconscious B) Conscious C) Unconscious D) Intermittent Conscious

B- Conscious

Being jealous of another person flirting with your romantic interest is an example of what type of explanation? The increase in genetic fitness that results is an example of which type of explanation? A) ultimate; proximate B) honest; ambiguous C) proximate; ultimate D) distal; proximate

C

Marie is involved in student government and the pep club at school. Any time there is a party or school gathering it seems like Marie is not only there but also the center of attention. Most people seem to be drawn in by her high-energy personality. Marie is demonstrating _____________. A) Openness B) Conscientiousness C) Extraversion D) Agreeableness

C- Extraversion

Why are phone numbers seven digits long? A) A consumer report by Bell Labs found that seven digits were the most aesthetically pleasing. B) That was the smallest amount of digits that could cover the phone-using population. C) That is the most numbers that a typical person can remember. D) All of the Above.

C- That is the most numbers that a typical person can remember.

The ability to make surprising connections between seemingly disconnected ideas is: A) insight B) cognition C) creativity D) syntax

C- creativity

The best example of constructive memory is __________. A) You remember every detail of your 20th birthday party but cannot recall it when someone asks you. B) The expectations of a schema do not allow you to fill in the details of a story. C) You recall a part of a story, even though it was never told to you. D) All of the above

C- you recall a part of a story, even though it was never told to you.

Loftus found that memories can be implanted through ______________. A) Hypnosis B) Manipulation C) Stories told by people we trust D) Suggestion

D

According to the Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence, the ability to solve the day-to-day challenges of a particular context while adapting previous strategies and shaping new strategies for success is ______________ . A) Quantitative intelligence B) Creative intelligence C) Analytical intelligence D) Practical intelligence

D- Practical intelligence

The ability to ___________ and _________ is called phonology. A) Assemble words; coordinate them into meaningful units B) Organize words into sentences; follow the rules of grammar C) Recognize a language; distinguish it from all other languages D) Hear sounds; assign them to different words

D-Hear sounds; assign them to different words

Which of the following is not one of the personality dimensions in Cattell's 16PF (Personality Factors) assessment?

Laidback-anxious

Allport, who was influenced by Freud, sought to _____ whereas Freud sought to _____. A) understand what was beneath behavior; describe consistent behavior B) build a stage model of personality development; describe risk factors in personality development C) describe consistent behavior; understand what was beneath behavior D) describe risk factors in personality development; build a stage model of personality development

NOT B or D

Which of these is NOT an element of Rogers' ideal environment?

Safety

According to Maslow, which of the following needs is highest/topmost on his hierarchy?

Self-actualization

Which aspect of Self-Determination Theory is most directly related to the need to belong?

a degree of connection between the self and others

Under what conditions does the Schacter-Singer theory of emotion predict we might make emotional errors? A) clearly defined conditions B) ambiguous conditions C) unhappy conditions D) none of the above

ambiguous conditions

If we are more afraid of getting on a plane than getting into a taxi, even though automobile fatalities are thousands of times more numerous than fatalities from airplane crashes, then we may be falling victim to the ____________. A) Framing heuristic B) Mental set C) Insight heuristic D) Availability heuristic

not A or B

Which type of conditioning are reinforcement theories of motivation based on?

operant conditioning

A major difference between the James-Lange and Canon-Bard theories of emotion is that:

the physiological response occurs after the enviormental event

A person is considered mentally delayed if their IQ score is ___ or ___.

70; lower

An example of a basic physiological need is which of the following? A) nurturing parents B) being adored by your friends C) getting good grades D) breathing

A- breathing

According to evolutionary theories of motivation, we are motivated to engage in behaviors that increase our overall ______ __________. A) reproductive chances B) genetic fitness C) genetic attractiveness D) all of the above

B- genetic fitness

Baumeister & Leary (1995) proposed a fundamental motivation as part of their belongingness hypothesis. What is this motivation called? A) belongingness hypothesis B) need to belong C) social support D) none of the above

B- need to belong

Which of these is true about Sperling's full and partial report experiments? A) These show that visual sensory memory cannot hold the picture of the entire visual field B) Participants in the full report typically reported all letters correctly as opposed to partial report C)These experiments show that iconic memory has a limited capacity D) Iconic memory can only hold information for fractions of a second

D- Iconic memory can only hold information for fractions of a second

One difference between mood and affect is that mood: A) is not caused by a specific event or target B) Is longer lasting C) is experienced as a background influence on our emotional experience D) All of the above

D- all of the above

____________ can stretch the capacity of short term memory.

chunking

Which of these is NOT one of the four components of emotions?

genetic fitness

Which of the following is true of self-efficacy and personality? A) it is not considered a personality trait because it varies based on behavior and situation B) it is considered a personality trait because it affects behavior C) it is not considered a personality trait because it is purely genetic D) it is considered a personality trait because it is influenced by experiences with success and failure

A

Kendra is having a terrible day. She just received a failing grade on her latest math test, which brings her overall grade down to a D. She concludes that it is time she gets a tutor and starts paying better attention in class. Kendra has a(n) ________________ locus of control. A) Internal B) External C) Central D) Peripheral

A- Internal

Iconic memory is which type of memory? A) Visual sensory memory B) Visual short-term memory C) Auditory sensory memory D) Auditory short-term memory

A- Visual sensory memory