Psychology quizzes 1-4

Neoanalysts

Erik Erikson

one of the features of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that interests psychologists

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that may help calm anxiety reactions

statement true of sleep

people need more sleep when they are under stress

According to Sigmund Freud, what do hypnotized adults do?

permit themselves to return to childish modes of responding

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

psychology

on a bright, sunny day, Manny leaves a dimly-lit movie theater and goes into the street. The _________ in his eyes adjust to the sudden increase in light

pupils

has been characterized as research for its own sake

pure research

tells us whether we are falling and provides cues to whether our body is changing speed

the vestibular sense

statement true of hormones

they are secreted directly into the bloodstream

true statement about social-cognitive theorists

they note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others

true of feature detectors

they refer to neurons that fire in response to specific features of sensory simuli

in contrast to structuralists , gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought processes in terms of basic units. t/f

true

many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and how a psychologist treated them. t/f

true

the hering-helmholtz illusion is a visual illusion. t/f

true

the iris is the muscle in the eye that controls the amount of light that passes through the cornea. t/f

true

according to the _________, acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming

activation-synthesis model

likely a consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults

adults who secrete too little thyroxin may feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight

describes the electrical impulse that provides the basis for the conduction of a neural impulse along an axon of a neuron

an action potential

according to the biological perspective of psychology, what interacts with inherited factors to determine specific behavior and mental processes

environmental factors

according to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive. t/f

false

dizygotic twin are formed when a zygote divides into two cells that share the same genetic code. t/f

false

instinctive behavior is absent in an individual who is reared in isolation from others of its kind. t/f

false

when the eyeball is too short, the images of nearby objects are focused in front of the retina, causing farsightedness. t/f

false

showed that people tend to perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes depending on the contexts in which they occur

gestalt psychologists

we learn to perceive objects that appear to move with us being at greater distances due to the phenomenon of

motion parallax

________ refers to a sleep attack in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly

narcolepsy

opiates are a group of _________ derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system

narcotics

substance classified as a barbiturate

nembutal

what conducts sensory input into the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe

optic nerve

alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep reflect an internally generated

circadian rhythm

psychologists with what kind of perspective are most likely to investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language

cognitive

psychologists with what kind of perspective primarily venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature

cognitive

peter went out cycling one morning. he was not wearing a helmet. he fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, peter severely injured his head. the doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. what did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of peters brain for further investigation?

computerized axial tomography

what reveals deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems

computerized axial tomography scan

Thyroxin deficiency in children can lead to _____________, which is a condition characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation.

cretinism

_________ are strong, slow brain waves usually emitted during stage 4 sleep

delta waves

generally acts by slowing the activity of the central nervous system

depressant drugs

during a guided meditation session, Rachel was asked to picture a green valley under a clear blue sky. she was asked to "feel" the wind against her face and "hear" the birds chirping around her. although none of these stimuli were actually present, Rachel was conscious of them. this scenario illustrates an aspect of consciousness called

direct inner awareness

why do the two lines in the muller-lyer illusion appear to be of different lengths even though they are the same length?

due to the principles of perceptual organization

Derek is working on a thesis on the changes in social behavior in the context of finding partners. an important part of his study concerns the various practices followed by males and females over the course of generations and how they have gradually transformed into our current social norms. Derek can be called what kind of psychologist?

evolutionary

according to ethical guidelines of the American psychological association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research. t/f

false

psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud but not the method of psychotherapy he had developed. t/f

false

the surface of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is wrinkled, or convoluted, with ridges and valleys. these valleys are known as

fissures

when following the scientific method, psychologists usually begin study by

formulating a research question

within the eye, visual acuity is the greatest at the

fovea

hallucinogen derived from the resin of the cannabis sativa plant

hashish

true of William James's contribution to psychology

he argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous

in gestalt psychology, learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by

insight

drawback of case studies

interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations

statement true of alcohol

it dilates blood vessels

true of applied research

it is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems

best defines the term preconscious

it refers to material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention

best describes psychokinesis

it refers to the ability to mentally manipulate or move objects

Larry, a 26 year old man, often falls asleep suddenly. during these sleep attacks, he falls asleep for around 15 minutes and wakes up feeling refreshed. he also hallucinates that a person is sitting on his chest. in this scenario, Larry is likely suffering from?

narcolepsy

specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit messages

neurons

highlights the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia

people with schizophrenia may have more receptor sites for dopamine in an area of the brain that is involved in emotional responding

complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn for an experiment

population

each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, or _____, on the cell receiving a message

receptor site

function of the iris

regulating the amount of light that enters into the eye

as part of the study in auditory perception, students were made to listen to a low volume music track. when they first put on their headphones, they almost couldn't hear anything. but as they became more attentive, the sound gradually became clearer. this is an example of?

sensitization

exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in

sensorineural deafness

in ________ ________, people tend to be more responsive to some pitches than others

sensorineural deafness

sleep disorder similar to experiencing nightmares

sleep terrors

labib has been having severe epileptic seizures since a very young age. his seizures have become less frequent since he underwent an operation. however, he has problems expressing what he feels. when he feels happy, his facial expressions often show anger. Labib has most likely undergone what kind of operation?

split-brain

as we enter ____________, our brain waves slowdown from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves.

stage 1 sleep

in the context of altering consciousness through drugs, ___________ is a problem characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

substance use disorder

social-cognitive theorists

suggest that people can modify and create their environments

during puberty, ________ stokes the growth of muscle and bone and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in a male body

testosterone

a number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of _______ is severed

the corpus callosum

____________ can be used to help people become more awake of muscle tension in the forehead, fingers, and elsewhere and to learn to lower tension, thus decreasing the discomfort and incidence of muscle tension headaches

the electromyograph

in the context of auditory perception, what statement is true?

the frequency theory that appears to account only for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second

difference between the thalamus and hypothalamus

the thalamus, as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion

What is the sense of equilibrium that informs us about our bodies positions relative to gravity

the vestibular sense

in positron emission tomography, to track the metabolism of glucose, a radioactive compound called a ________ is mixed with glucose and injected into the bloodstream

tracer

andy is a professional skydiver. during his freefall, he is able to automatically sense his body's position in relation to the earths gravity without really having to look around him. this allows him to adjust his position appropriately during his fall to regulate his momentum. the sense that is illustrated in this scenario is the

vestibular sense

what states that in response to sound waves of frequencies between a few hundred and 4,000 cycles per second, groups of neurons take turns firing to transmit sensory information about pitches

volley principle

the strength, or energy, of brain waves expressed in

volts

high-frequency brain waves are associated with

wakefulness