Psychology Sensation and Perception

For each statement, select which of the two theories of color vision it fits with best. There are three types of cone cells, one for each primary color.

trichromatic

Which taste is associated with monosodium glutamate?

umami

Braden has a pounding headache and is disoriented after riding a twisting roller coaster. What sense was impacted by the ride?

vestibular

Which is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?

vestibular system

The property that differentiates the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see from the part we cannot see is ________.

wavelength

The hue that we perceive (red, green, etc.) depends on the ___________ amplitude hertz value saturation wavelength of the light, whereas the brightness of the light depends on ___________ amplitude saturation wavelength decibel value .

wavelength, amplitude

At a football game, your friend from ten rows down yells at you to bring them some of your popcorn. At first you couldn't understand what they were asking, but once you saw their mouth, you could make out the request. This is consistent with the ________.

with the results of the Sumby and Pollack study on the audiovisual advantage

________ cues require only one eye.

Monocular

________ fire in response to any potential tissue-damaging stimuli.

Nociceptors

________ does not explain how we hear high frequencies.

Temporal theory

While you may not notice the change in the music's volume while at a party, you would definitely notice the change if you were trying to study in a quiet library. This supports the idea that the difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus, also known as ________.

Weber's law

The opponent-process theory is supported by ________.

afterimages

The organ of Corti on the ________ within the ________ changes vibrations into impulses that travel to the auditory nerve.

basilar membrane; cochlea

Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.

binaural

Using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using ________ cues.

binocular

________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.

binocular

Subliminal messaging

can mildly influence behavior.

Because taste and smell have sensory receptors that respond to molecules, they are considered ________.

chemical senses

If Tyson, a track athlete, likes to apply a menthol rub to his legs after a hard workout. What skin receptors are activated by the cream?

chemoreceptors

Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.

closure

Sierra turns off her car right before the last line of chorus of a popular song. Moments later while inside the store, she finds herself singing the last line. This exemplifies the gestalt principle of ________.

closure

Hearing loss resulting from damage to the bones of the middle ear is called ________ hearing loss.

conductive

Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.

conductive hearing loss

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, ________ in the retina are responsive to red, green, and blue.

cones

________ operate best under bright light conditions.

cons

If you live in a city with lots of buildings, walls, and straight lines, you will probably perceive the lines in the Müller-Lyer illusion as being

different lengths

Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as ________.

dim

A wavelength is measured by the ________ between one wave peak and the next wave peak.

distance

Psychologists use illusions to

explore what people experience and what parts of the brain are involved in perception

Psychologists use illusions to ________.

explore what people experience, what parts of the brain are involved in perception, and how to alter the illusion

Research indicates that sensorineural hearing loss is usually caused by ________.

exposure to loud noise

The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the ________.

figure

The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.

fovea

Temporal theory cannot be used to account for why we hear higher pitched sounds because ________.

individual neurons cannot fire fast enough

The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.

infrared lights, radio waves, x-rays

What area of the eye controls the size of the pupil?

iris

If you are conversing in a noisy environment,

it is helpful to watch the mouth of the person speaking to you.

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ________ of a sound.

location

What skin receptors are activated while holding hands?

mechanoreceptors

The idea that we perceive the world while utilizing a combination of senses is known as ________.

multi-modal perception

Pain that results from damage to neurons of the peripheral or central nervous system is called ________.

neuropathic pain

Olfactory receptor cells pick up odor molecules which activate electrical impulses that send messages to the brain via the ________.

olfactory bulb

For each statement, select which of the two theories of color vision it fits with best. Afterimages caused by staring at a blue image then looking away makes you perceive yellow.

opponent-process

For each statement, select which of the two theories of color vision it fits with best. Neurons in the retina are excited by one color but inhibited by another color.

opponent-process

The ________ carries visual information from the retina to the brain

optic nerve

________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

perception

Which was the dependent variable in Jessica Witt's study?

the size of the circle drawn by the participant and the number of successful putts

Perception is ________.

the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and experienced

According to Gestalt psychology, ________.

the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

What skin receptors are activated most when you grab a hot cup of coffee?

thermoreceptors

When the brain receives nociceptive signals from the body, ________.

they can be blocked by the brain's descending pain modulatory system

A sound's purity is called its ________.

timbre

The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.

timbre

Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________. Multiple Choice Question

pheromones

Which correctly describes the process of hearing?

pinna-auditory canal-tympanic membrane-ossicles-cochlea-auditory nerve

The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.

place

Amanda has a severe hearing loss and recently received a cochlear implant. The implant has several electrodes that are surgically placed into her inner ear. The electrodes differ slightly in length so that each electrode stimulates a different area in the cochlea. Electrode #1 stimulates a certain area when a sound at 5000Hz is presented. Electrode #2 stimulates a different area when a sound at 6000Hz is presented. Electrode #3 stimulates yet another spot when a sound at 7000Hz is presented, etc. This manner of encoding pitch is most like which strategy used by listeners with normal hearing?

place theory

Which theory holds that the pitch we hear is determined by the particular location on the cochlea where the hair cells vibrate the most?

place theory

Which illusion plays on converging lines and convinces your brain that a more distant line in an image must be longer than a line that appears close?

ponzo illusion

Joanna is competing on Jeopardy!. She doesn't have to think about the distance between her finger and the buzzer and knows just how hard to press because of ________.

proprioception

According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.

proximity

If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would see a ________ negative afterimage.

red

What part of the eye contains photoreceptor cells?

retina

In the McGurk illusion, what you ________ overrides what you ________.

see; hear

Hearing aids are ineffective in treating ________, which is caused by damage to the hair cells in the cochlea that impairs the transmission of signals about sound to the brain.

sensorineural hearing loss

Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.

sensory adaptation

When you hear a tone of 200 Hz, the hair cells in the cochlea begin vibrating 200 times per second. This is the idea behind the ________.

temporal theory of hearing

If your eyes see someone saying "ball" but the word you hear is "doll", the struggle to make sense of that information in your brain is consistent with ________.

the McGurk effect

Austin has never met one of his work colleagues, having only interacted online or on the phone. He's still able to pick out his coworker at a conference in a room full of people because of ________.

the cross-modal relationship between auditory speech and visual information

What is wavelength?

the distance from one wave peak to the next

_______ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.

transduction

For each statement, select which of the two theories of color vision it fits with best. Perceiving purple is a result of receiving messages from two types of cells: those that perceive red and those that perceive blue.

trichromatic

Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our perception of color as we move from short wavelengths to long wavelengths?

yellow to orange to red

The audible range for humans is ________.

20-20,000 Hz

The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about ________.

400-700mn

Which of the following best describes how you perceive a 16,000 Hz tone?

A specific section of the basilar membrane will fire maximally to signal the pitch of the tone

________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.

Absolute Threshold

Which of the following is most likely if a sound source is to your left?

The sound will be slightly louder at the right ear than the left

According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.

good continuation

Failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention is called ________.

inattentional blindness