Psychology Social Cognition

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior

According to Irving Janis's groupthink theory, groups make poorer decisions when they:

are more motivated to maintain group cohesiveness than to realistically weigh the alternative solutions

A claim made about the cause of a person's behavior is a(n):

attribution

A college is considering whether to put the English or the math department in a posh new building funded by an alumni billionaire. A group of English professors joke about the math faculty, saying that they areal alike-unsociable, unable to participate in a discussion of the arts, and boring. Their tendency to see members of the math department as different from themselves and very similar to one another in having such undesirable traits is an illustration of:

negative stereotyping of the other group

According to the Pygmalion in the classroom effect, when teachers were led to believe that a randomly selected group of students would perform better than others, the students:

performed better because the teachers offered them more attention, challenged, and warmth

Javari is teaching a psychology class and tells his students. "Kenna is 31, single, outspoken, and bright. She majored in philosophy in college. As a student, Kenna was deeply concerned with discrimination and other social issues." When Javari asked his class if it was more likely than Kenna was A) a bank teller or B) a bank teller AND a feminist, most people in his class chose option B. Javari explained that their answer was incorrect because their ____________ heuristic led them astray.

representativeness

Tasha wants to know what score she got on the exam, but also the average score of the class and how many students did better than her. This is an example of the process known as:

social comparison

During his early work, social psychologist Normal Triplett noted that cyclists were faster in races against other riders than they were racing alone against a clock. This lead to his concept of ___________.

social facilitation

Mark Leary's theory of self-esteem is referred to as the ______ theory because it proposes that self-esteem acts as a person's gauge, at any given time, of the degree to which she/he is likely to be accepted or rejected by others.

sociometer

For Allister to interpret new information about someone he hasn't met, Allister may consult the organized set of knowledge he already has about his particular social group. This organized set of knowledge is called a(n):

stereotype