Psychology test 1-3

Humans appear capable of forming three-dimensional images that can be moved or rotated in mental space. T or F?

True

Organized knowledge, acquired strategies, and the ability to recognize patterns are all characteristics of human expertise. T or F?

True

The claim that heredity accounts for racial differences in average IQ ignores environmental differences and the cultural bias inherent in standard IQ tests. T or F?

True

The first phase in problem solving by understanding is to discover the general properties of a correct solution. T or F?

True

To be creative, an original idea must also be practical or feasible. T or F?

True

The term fixation refers to the point at which a helpful insight becomes fixed in one's thinking. T or F?

False it is the tendency to repeat wrong solutions

The connotative meaning of the word naked is "having no clothes." T or F?

False connotative - the subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word.

Insight refers to rote, or trial-and-error, problem solving. T or F?

False it is when you get something first try

List the typical stages of creative thinking in the correct order.

1.Orientation 2. Preparation 3. Incubation 4. Illumination 5. Verification

Which modern intelligence test originated as a test for adults? a. SB5 b. WAIS c. SAT d. WISC

B. WAIS

Intelligence and creativity are highly correlated; the higher a person's IQ, the more likely he or she is to be creative. T or F?

False

Our reliance on imagery in thinking means that problem solving is impaired by the use of language or symbols. T or F?

False

Reasoning and critical thinking tend to block creativity; these are noncreative qualities. T or F?

False

Thought that is intuitive, haphazard, or irrational.

Illogical Thought

List three primary units of thought.

Images, concepts, language or symbols

True languages are __________ because they can be used to generate new possibilities.

Productive

By definition, a person has above average intelligence when a. MA > CA b. CA > 100 c. MA >100 d.MA < CA

a. MA > CA

By definition, a person has average intelligence when a. MA=CA b. CA=100 c. MA=100 d. MAxCA=100

a. MA=CA (mental age = chronological age)

A triangle must be a closed shape and have three sides and the sides must be straight lines. Triangle is a a. conjunctive concept b. disjunctive concept c. relational concept d. connotative concept

a. conjunctive concept

Which is NOT one of the eight types of intelligence identified by Howard Gardner? a. cyber skills b. music skills c. visual and spatial skills d. natural skills

a. cyber skills

Our decisions are greatly affected by the way a problem is stated, a process called a. framing b. base rating c. induction d. selective encoding

a. framing

Creativity also involves a. hard work b. operant conditioning IQs c. a high IQ d. defining problems more narrowly

a. hard work

Functional fixedness is a major barrier to a. insightful problem solving b. using random search strategies c. mechanical problem solving, d. achieving fixations through problem solving

a. insightful problem solving

Our ability to think about movements and actions is aided by a. kinesthetic imagery b. rotational concepts c. mental calculation d. relational concepts

a. kinesthetic imagery

Which modern intelligence test originated with attempts to mea- sure the mental abilities of children in Paris? a. SB5 b. WAIS c. SAT d. WISC

a. sb5

Which statement is the best summary of animal language research with chimpanzees? a. Chimps can learn to use signs, but they can't make word sounds. b. Chimps can learn to communicate with signs. c. Chimps who learn signs use language on a par with 5-year-old children. d. Because of serious problems with syntax, chimps have been unable to communicate with humans.

b. Chimps can learn to communicate with signs

Concepts are a. picture-like mental representations b. generalized ideas about a class of objects or events c. symbols and rules for combining symbols d. symbolic notational systems

b. generalized ideas about a class of objects or events

When racial or cultural groups differ in access to education, IQs tell us little about how __________ affect(s) intelligence. a. stimulating environments b. genetics c. teaching adaptive behaviors d. applying deviation IQs

b. genetics

From a practical point of view, intelligence can most readily be increased by a. genetics b. stimulating environments c. teaching adaptive behaviors d. applying deviation IQs

b. stimulating environments

Computer simulations and expert systems are primary research tools in a. psycholinguistics b. the field of AI c. studies of divergent d. studies of the semantic thinking differential

b. the field of Al

Noam Chomsky believes that we use _______________ to change core declarative sentences into other voices and forms. a. phonemes b. transformation rules c. conditional statements d. conjunctive encoding

b. transformation rules

Fluency, flexibility, and originality are characteristics of a. convergent thought b. deductive thinking c. creative thought d. trial-and-error solutions

c. creative thought

A test scored for fluency and flexibility is obviously designed to measure a. intuitive thinking b. convergent thinking c. divergent thinking d. algorithms

c. divergent thinking

A person doing mental rotation would need to use which basic unit of thought? a. concepts b. language c. images d. symbols

c. images

A mup is defined as anything that is small, blue, and hairy. Mup is a _________ concept.

conjunctive

After you find a general solution to a problem, you must usually also find a a. heuristic b. search strategy c. fixation d. functional solution

d. functional solution

One thing that the mentally gifted and the developmentally disabled have in common is that both a. have a tendency to suffer from metabolic disorders b. have to be tested with the WAIS, rather than the SB5 c. have MAs that are higher than their CAs d. have extreme IQ scores

d. have extreme IQ scores

The stage of creative thinking that corresponds to insightful problem solving is a. verification b. incubation c. induction d. illumination

d. illumination

Which of the following is NOT an element of spoken language? a. grammar b. morphemes c. phonemes d. lexigrams

d. lexigrams

When you are trying to categorize complex stimuli, __________ are especially helpful. a. kinesthetic images b. connotative concepts c. denotative concepts d. prototypes

d. prototypes

A common element underlying insight is that information is encoded, combined, and compared . a. mechanically b. by rote c. functionally d. selectively

d. selectively

Going from general principles to specific situations

deductive

The WAIS-III is a group intelligence test. T or F?

false

Many cases of intellectual disability without known organic causes appear to be ________________.

familial

Problem-solving strategies that guide the search for solutions are called _____________.

heuristics

going from specific facts or observations to general principles

inductive

proceeding from given information to new con- clusions on the basis of explicit rules

logical

The distribution of IQs approximates a ____________ (bell-shaped) curve.

normal

If we define intelligence by writing a test, we are using a(n) _________________ definition.

operational

The basic speech sounds are called __________; the smallest meaningful units o speech are called _______

phonemes, morphemes