Psychology Test 3, Psych 3

51) Once children reach the age of ____ years, IQ scores start to become good predictors of future IQ.

12 or 13

72) According to the National Institutes of Health, a BMI of over ____ is considered obese.

30

52) Intellectual disability is diagnosed in people who not only have an IQ score below ____ but also have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of independent living.

70

80) On American college campuses, acquaintance rapes account for what percent pf all rapes or attempted rapes?

84%

A statistical measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables is called___.

A correlation coefficient

A problem-solving strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of solutions is known as___.

A heuristic

The smallest unit of language that carries meaning is known as which of the following?

A morpheme

The text defines intelligence as the mental abilities necessary to do which of the following?

Adapt to and shape the environment

People who score high on___ tend to be good-natured, soft-hearted, courteous, and sympathetic.

Agreeableness

Which type of tests are designed to predict a person's capacity for learning?

Aptitude tests

According to the text, what is the term of the process of using existing schemas to deal with information encountered in the world?

Assimilation

The use of the word piggy to refer to not only pigs but also other animals, such as cows or horses, is an example of which of the following?

Assimilation

Which of the following is a brain disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction which may be partly caused by malfunctioning mirror neurons?

Autism

The tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event is called the___.

Availability heuristic

Very few of the gifted individuals in Lewin Terman's study did which of the following?

Became the best and brightest members of their generation

Why is it that the babbles of young children sound the same no matter where in the world they are raised?

Because early babbling includes the phonemes in all existing languages

79) According to the evolutionary perspective, why is a cautious approach in sexual matters the best sexual strategy for a woman to adopt?

Because of women's biological limitations in the area of sexual reproduction

The humanistic perspective primarily arose out of dissatisfaction with both the psychoanalytic and___ views of human nature.

Behaviorist

68) Which of the following groups feels the least pressure to confirm to unrealistic standards of thinness in today's culture?

Black homosexual women

The nine intelligences proposed by Gardner include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal, existential, and___.

Bodily-kinesthetic

What do Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg have in common?

Both believe that there are multiple intelligences

What do psychoanalytic theory and humanistic theory have in common?

Both support the idea that people are basically good.

Which of the following is the brain condition that impairs one's ability to speak and use words, phrases, and sentence to convey information?

Broca's aphasia

At what age would you expect your child to start verbalizing morpheme sounds?

By 1 year of age

Recent studies suggest that we need to evaluate our past selves in a way that makes us feel good about ourselves now. How do we accomplish this?

By perceiving our present self as superior to our former selves

76) According to your textbook, how is a person's sexual orientation primarily determined?

By sexual feelings

Finding something that you love to do is one of the six steps recommended in the text for increasing your___.

Creativity

Which type of intelligence is required to solve familiar problems and to judge the quality of ideas?

Crystallized

57) Which of the following is a possible explanation for why Japanese children outscore U.S. children academically?

Doing well in school is a higher priority in Japan.

64) According to the drive-reduction theory, an imbalance in homeostasis creates a physiological need, which in turn produces a(n) _____, defined as a physiological state of arousal that moves the organism to meet the need.

Drive

The claims made by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray in their book The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life are very similar to the ideas advanced in which movement?

Eugenics

77) What is the first stage of the sexual response cycle?

Excitement

60) Working in the homeless shelter because it looks good on your college application even though you don't really want to spend time doing this is an example of what type of motivation?

Extrinsic

74) Andrea has been eating take-out food for lunch for years. Recently, she has noticed that she has been gaining weight, even though she has always ordered the same thing. According to recent research on eating and nutrition, what may be a possible cause for Andrea's weight gain?

Fast-food restaurants have increased their average portion size.

Of the following, which is a term used to describe the mental capacity to learn or invent new strategies for dealing with new kinds of problems?

Fluid intelligence

How many phonemes are contained in the word table?

Four

The tendency to think of objects as operating in constant and unchanging ways and ignoring other less obvious ways in which they might be used is known as___.

Functional Fixedness

69) When the Stomach begins to get swollen from eating, it causes a release of the hormone ____ that, among other actions, signals the pancreas to begin releasing insulin, a hormone that, among other actions, decreases appetite.

Gastrin

50.) Which of the following best supports the position that gender socialization is responsible for the differences in verbal ability between females and males ?

Girls receive more encouragement to talk during infancy.

Galton's assessment battery included measurements of sensory abilities and reaction time, as well as measurements of___ and___.

Head size; muscular strength

61) The drive- reduction theory is based on what concept?

Homeostasis

65)Which of the following states that our performance tends to suffer when we are at too high or to low of a level of arousal?

Hull's drive reduction theory

If you were arguing with a friend about the major difference between the communications used by human beings and that used by animals, which of the following would be your strongest point?

Humans can discuss what happened long ago, in the future, or what is currently happening far away.

What does factor analysis of a statistical technique allow researchers to do?

Identify clusters of variables or test items that correlate with one another

85) According to cross-cultural research using conventional achievement measures, which culture exhibits higher achievement motivation?

Individualist culture

70) Which blood hormone s increased levels leads to decreased hunger and when the hormone drops, leads to increased hunger?

Insulin

Which type of intelligence identifies the ability to interact well socially and to reliably predict others' motives and behavior?

Interpersonal

63) A behavior or an activity that a person perceives as a valued goal in its own right represents a source of ___ motivation

Intrinsic

59) Research suggests that most people tend to be most productive and creative when they are ___ motivated.

Intrinsically

54) After reviewing all the evidence, psychologists have estimated that heredity accounts for ____% of the variation in intelligence, and environment accounts for ____%.

Just over 50, just under 50

According to the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis ___?

Language determines thinking

Although the goal of ___ in schools is to integrate students with intellectual problems into a normal classroom environment, the reality is that such students are often teased and ridiculed by other students in such settings.

Mainstreaming

83) In childrearing, the attachment system functions to do which of the following?

Maximize the likelihood of the newborn's survival

62) The study of motivation is essentially the study of ____

Motion

With only slight variations, the five basic traits that make up the five-factor model have constantly emerged in studies of children, college students, and the elderly. Further, these traits have been found in societies as diverse as all but which of the following countries?

Nigeria

The smallest significant sound units in speech are known as which of the following?

Phonemes

"Street Smarts" is another name for Robert Sternberg"s___.

Practical intelligence

The degree to which a test predicts what it supposedly measures is referred to as the___ of a test.

Predictive validity

Jeremy developed a strong sense of self-efficacy in math during high school. As a result, he takes a lot of math courses in college, where he tries hard despite difficulties and is quite successful. This builds self-efficacy in math even more, leading him to take even more advanced math classes. What does this process describe?

Reciprocal determinism

78) Which stage of the sexual response cycle is characterized by the relaxation of muscles and the release of excess blood by the engorged genital blood vessels?

Resolution

67) Which needs involve striving for a sense of security and predictability in life?

Safety

Individuals who demonstrate exceptional ability in one specific intellectual area while being relatively limited in all other areas are known as___.

Savants

66) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs would you try to satisfy last?

Self- Actualization needs

Which the theory asserts that people are primarily motivated to maintain consistent beliefs about themselves?

Self-verification

The rules used in language to communicate the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences are known as___.

Semantics

71) Which term do researchers when they speak about a level of weight that the body works to maintain?

Set point

___ believed that we are primarily motivated by sexual and aggressive desires, while___ beloved that we are motivated by becoming the best we can be.

Sigmund Freud; Carl Rogers

What is the verbal use of language called?

Speech

55) Using his test, Joseph Fagan found that babies between the ages of 2 and 7 months tended to score higher on intelligence tests when they were older if they did which of the following?

Spent more time looking at novel stimuli

53) You are an African American student, fully aware of the negative cultural stereotypes about your race's intellectual abilities. You feel extra pressure while taking the SAT because you realize that if you fail to perform well, you might confirm these negative stereotypes. You are experiencing what psychologists call ____?

Stereotype threat

The sentences "The waiter brought the dessert tray" and "The dessert tray was brought by the waiter" have different ___?

Surface structures

82) Which of the following hormones is most closely linked to sexual desire?

Testosterone

81) There are two areas of the brain that may possibly have something to do with homosexuality, whether a cause or effect. What are these two areas of the brain?

The Hypothalamus and the corpus callosum

What is the most extensively researched and widely used personality inventory?

The MMPI

87) According to Sigmund Freud, in what area are those mental processes that are not currently conscious but could become so at any moment contained?

The Preconscious mind

Which of the following is one of the most popular projective tests currently in use?

The Thematic Apperception Test

Hugh Hartstone and Mark May demonstrated in their research that it was not___ that most strongly determined whether children would lie, cheat, and steal, it was___.

The consistent traits of the child; the situation

What is a major communication difference between collectivist and individualist cultures?

The direct versus indirect expression of personal needs and feelings

86) The NEO-PI-R measures personality differences based on which of the following?

The five factor-factor model

58) Which approach to understanding motives developed out of the humanistic view?

The hierarchy of needs

Alfred Binet did not believe which of the following?

The lower-performing children are incapable of learning

What does research indicate that we pay close attention to when we believe that others are trying to deceive us?

The nonverbal gestures

A distribution of scores that clusters around the average test scores, with fewer scores found far from the average, describes___.

The normal distribution

Sometimes, SAT scores are reported as percentiles. What do percentiles tell you?

The percentage of people in the standard group who scored at or below your score

If your test-retest reliability study resulted in a correlation of -.17, which of the following would you probably conclude?

The reliability of the measure you are testing is extremely low.

Genetic testing of different click-speaking East African tribes who live thousands of miles apart reveals that although these click language appear to derive from a common language, which of the following is true?

There is no evidence of an interbreeding over tens of thousands of years.

What is a major disadvantage to the problem-solving techniques of trial and error and algorithms?

They are time intensive

The famed behaviorist B.F.Skinner believed that people develop language skills primarily because of which reason?

They have been reinforced for doing so

56) Neuroscientists have shown that the brains of intelligent people are different than those of the less intelligent in which of the following ways?

They have larger ventricles.

73) Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

This disorder is 10 times more frequent in women than in men.

How many morphemes are contained in the word gentlemanly?

Three

When Sir Francis Galton devised the concept of eugenics and attempted to put it into practice by way of intelligence testing, what was his ultimate goal?

To improve the hereditary characteristics in society

Carl Rogers' person centered theory focused on___, or complete acceptance toward another person regardless of what she or he has said or done as.

Unconditional positive regard

75) Which of the following is the best explanation for the development of sexual scripts?

We learn them from our social environment.

About which of the following did Charles Spearman and Louis Thurstone disagreed ?

Whether intelligence is made up of one predominant factor or several factors

84) The two factors that seem to underlie the desire to succeed found in those which a high need for achievement are ___ and ___.

experience; parental encouragement

The tendency to seek information that supports our beliefs while ignoring disconfirming information is known as the ___?

Confirmation bias

Deaf infants pay more attention to ___ than to the more rapid, fluid signing typically used between adults.

Child-directed signing