Psychology test 3

Meyer plans to obtain quick money through gambling, but he realizes that he might get arrested by the police. This prevents him from going ahead with his gambling plan. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following structures most likely stopped Meyer from going ahead with his plan?

ego

according to james Marcia the two dimensions of identity are

exploration and committment

Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she is a selfish and unhappy person, whereas John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and could not make commitment right now. Jack is making a(n) _____ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making a(n) _____.

internal/external attribution

In the context of persuasion strategies, the door-in-the-face technique involves

making he biggest pitch first

which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion

neuroticism is related to feeling more negative emotion

which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious

psychodynamic perspectives

Juanita returned home

self-perception theory

The strange situation test is used to assess an infants

style of attachment

an important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal

task-oriented cooperatin

individuals who have positive illusion about the self

tend to show high levels of psychological well being

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior. Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence

the amygdala is developed earlier than the prefrontal cortex

which of the following statements is true of teratogens

the effects of chemical teratogens depend on the timing of exposure

According to Arnett, all of the following except _____ are features of emerging adulthood

wisdom

which of the following statements about research on beautiful is good stereotype is false?

There is little truth to the beautiful is good stereotype. Attractive people do not really possess the positive characteristics of the stereotype

according to erikson's theory of socioemotional development establishing ___ is the key challenge of adolescence

an identity

parents who use the ___ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules

authoritarian

___ are differences between individuals that stem not necessarily from their ages but from the historical period and society in which they were born and developed

cohort effects

which of the following is not one of the big five personality factors

dominance

Gabriela's mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela's mother

encourage her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called _____.

ethnocentrism

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression.

frontal lobes

Rosalie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz Carlton. She's never been served a 10-course meal before, so she's unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Since Rosalie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Rosalie is guided by

informal social influence

According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions

internal/external

which of the following statements is true of concept of risky shift

it is the tendency for individuals to more willingly endorse riskier decisions when in a group than when they are alone

which of the following situations indicate resilience that characterizes development in adulthood

jonathan, who did not get good grades in middle school, studies hard in high school and gets a scholarship at an ivy league university

Six-month old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on, the fact that Ian receives pleasure and comfort by exploring the world with his mouth suggests that he is in the ___ stage of psychosexual development

oral

Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n)

positive illusion

A defense mechanism in which an individual sees in others those impulses that the individual most fears or despises in himself or herself is called

projection

which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence

puberty

according to bandura the way behavior, environment and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as

reciprocal determinism

social psychologists believe that ___ is particularly strong during the early stages of a relationship, and that ___ increases as the relationship grows and matures

romantic/affectionate

social loafing refers to the

tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

the butterfly effect

cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance

try to align their attitudes and behavior