Psychology Unit 1 Test

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

circular

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

her own conscious experience

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks a group of participants over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?

longitudinal

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

Scientific theory

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

A(n) ______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

cofounding variable

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.53

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

Developmental

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

Examination of anatomy and physiology

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________.

Margaret Floy Washburn

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

Studying the function of behavior in the world.

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologist to focus their attention on better understanding ___________.

The mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Which individual wrote Principles of Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of

Wilhelm Wundt

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to childrenâ s development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants; deception

Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, â Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather!â This research study suffers from an absence of ________.

falsifiability

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

statistical analysis

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.

the scientific method

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

A dissertation

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way and her therapist accepts no judgment

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

Inter-rater reliability

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

N/A

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

Observation phenomenon

In development psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur latter in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Psychology refers to the ________.

Scientific study of the mind and behavior.

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892.

The American Psychological Society

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestait psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.