Psychopathology Exam 3

According to Paris (2007), a key causal factor in borderline personality disorder seems to be a. inconsistent or highly punitive discipline in childhood. b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss. c. a negative attributional style. d. an inability to empathize with other people.

b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.

c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? a. Introversion and openness to feelings b. Excitement seeking and neuroticism c. Antagonism and neuroticism d. Fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

c. Antagonism and neuroticism

Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial? a. Because it is unethical to alter someone's personality through chemical means b. Because research shows it clearly doesn't help c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior d. Because of the possibility of severe side effects

c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior

Symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder? a. Attention-deficit disorder b. Attachment disorder c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder d. Depression

c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen? a. Antisocial personality disorder b. Obsessive compulsive personality disorder c. Dependent personality disorder d. Histrionic personality disorder

c. Dependent personality disorder

Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Cognitive behavioral treatment b. Medication c. Growing older d. Nothing has any impact

c. Growing older

After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case? a. Dental problems are not seen in those with anorexia. b. Psychiatrists rarely suggest hospitalization for this type of anorexia. c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment. d. The failure to use outpatient treatment before hospitalization.

c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders? a. Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders. b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment. c. Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder. d. Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of these conditions.

b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment.

Binge-eating disorder a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5. b. has not yet been formally recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome. c. usually develops into anorexia, binge-eating/purging subtype. d. is more common in males than in females.

a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5.

The presence of psychopathy a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism. b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder. c. means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes. d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful.

a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.

Alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to a. low thiamine levels. b. decreased GABA levels. c. high opioid levels. d. impaired serotonergic functioning.

a. low thiamine levels.

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol a. may actually be a safety device. b. means a person has not yet developed tolerance. c. means that a person's blackouts have worsened and increased over time. d. may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol.

a. may actually be a safety device.

Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings a. may be the result of her starving herself. b. were probably modeled by her father and mother. c. suggest that she does not suffer from "neuroticism." d. must have predated the onset of the anorexia.

a. may be the result of her starving herself.

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

a. paranoid

Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD, a. personality disorders develop gradually. b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed. c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress. d. personality disorders are emotional disorders.

a. personality disorders develop gradually.

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. b. continued use despite social and occupational problems. c. pathological use of the substance. d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.

a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.

An example of a moderating influence would be a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol. b. a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him. c. a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic. d. the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics.

a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.

Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia? a. the use of laxatives b. 30 to 50 percent of those who begin by binge-eating and purging become restricting type anorexics c. body weight is within normal range d. efforts to restrict food intake

a. the use of laxatives

Concerning the causes of alcoholism, a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence. b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism. c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women. d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.

a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.

Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia? a. Parents who are unconventional, dramatic, and antisocial. b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance. c. Sibling rivalry that breaks out into physical and verbal aggression. d. Children who reduce psychological tension in the family by dominating their parents.

b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.

An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate? a. Histrionic personality disorder b. Psychopathy c. Borderline personality disorder d. Substance abuse

b. Psychopathy

Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic

b. Schizoid

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd a. has an organic impairment. b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol. c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence. d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol.

b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.

According to set-point theory a. anorexics have successfully adjusted their bodies to a new lower set-point. b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point. c. behavioral means of altering body weight can never overcome the body's ability to compensate physiologically. d. the body weight that is maintained in the absence of dieting is the one at which health is maximized.

b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point.

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders suffers from subjectivity. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

c. Histrionic

Which of the following personality disorders might be the female equivalent of antisocial personality disorder? a. Avoidant b. Schizotypal c. Histrionic d. Schizoid

c. Histrionic

Which of the following characterizes the prevalence of eating disorders in Iran? a. Iran does not recognize eating disorders. b. Iran has a low incidence of eating disorders. c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States. d. Iran has a very high prevalence of eating disorders.

c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States.

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

c. Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior

Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ? a. Decreased mood. b. Decreased appetite. c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance. d. Increased frequency of binges.

c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.

John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest? a. Avoidant b. Dependent c. Obsessive-compulsive d. Narcissistic

c. Obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment? a. The availability of alcohol b. The detoxification process c. Overcoming denial d. Finding a suitable treatment program

c. Overcoming denial

Binge-eating disorder a. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa. b. is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting. c. cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight. d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

Grehlin a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. b. is a hormone that is not related in any way to obesity. c. is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point. d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person. b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends. d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder a. is always a continuous and gradual decline. b. is a rapid decline followed by abstinence. c. is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems. d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder.

d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with dependent personality disorder? a. "I am helpless." b. "I don't know who I am without you." c. "Unless I make people laugh, they will not like me." d. "Others exist to benefit me."

a. "I am helpless."

Which of the following is a misconception about alcohol? a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic. b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep. c. Mixing different types of alcohol does not make people more drunk than the same amount of a single type. d. Drinking coffee does not counteract the effects of alcohol.

a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic.

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity? a. Alcohol amnestic disorder b. Alcoholic intoxication c. Amphetamine delusional disorder d. Cannabis delirium

a. Alcohol amnestic disorder

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

a. Antisocial

Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from a. Cluster A. b. Cluster B. c. Cluster C. d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further study.

a. Cluster A.

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders? a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia. b. Dieting is a risk factor for bulimia. c. Dieting is not a risk factor for the development of eating disorder. d. When done properly, dieting seems to decrease eating disorder symptoms for a while and then leads to a sharp increase in symptoms.

a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. A woman with no criminal history b. A woman with multiple children c. A male with a personality disorder d. A male with multiple children

c. A male with a personality disorder

In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case? a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties. b. The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim. c. Few women with anorexia exercise. d. A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.

a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder? a. High conscientiousness and low compliance b. High extraversion and high openness to feelings c. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings d. High fantasy proneness and high agreeableness

a. High conscientiousness and low compliance

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder? a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness b. High introversion and low conscientiousness c. High fantasy proneness and low neuroticism d. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings

a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria. b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder. c. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs. d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.

a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria

Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. Night-time security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

a. Night-time security guard who works alone

Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult? a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness b. One who has high fear and high callousness c. One who has trouble regulating emotions and high levels of emotional reactivity, including aggression d. One who has high depression, high anxiety, and is quick to anger

a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa? a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run. b. Most people improve fairly quickly and don't relapse. c. Anorexia has an excellent recovery rate, but the other disorders don't. d. The prognosis is extremely poor, with few recovering from it.

a. Relapse rates are high but recovery can often happen in the long run.

Which statement about personality disorders is accurate? a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity. b. The personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving. c. Most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events. d. Even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe impairments in social and occupational functioning.

a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity.

Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true? a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks. b. Only when obesity has a behavioral cause is it dangerous. c. Individuals who are obese, but active, are not at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. d. Obesity is only a threat to health in cultures where the obesity is due to the consumption of fatty foods and relative inactivity.

a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.

Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders? a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. The availability of only prospective data c. The wealth of biological data available d. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders

a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance. b. The most effective treatments are psychological. c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed. d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.

a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders? a. There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables. b. There is no relationship between early sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders later in life. c. Early sexual abuse may lead to a denial of one's sexuality and a desire to maintain a child-like appearance, resulting in attempts to prevent the development of a more mature figure through dieting. d. While sexual abuse has been found to increase the risk of developing anorexia, no relationship has been observed between abuse and other eating disorders.

a. There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment

Lanugo a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia. b. is another name for an eating binge. c. is the term for the stopping of a woman's menstrual periods. d. is the lack of concern people with anorexia show about their condition.

a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true? a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining. b. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining. c. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia. d. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.

a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.

Dialectical behavior therapy is a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder. b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change. c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective. d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization.

a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.

Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat a. adolescents. b. adults. c. men. d. those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms.

a. adolescents.

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. antisocial personality disorder.

The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

a. attention; admiration

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is a. avoidant personality disorder. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. paranoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. avoidant personality disorder.

Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites? a. body dissatisfaction b. living in an industrialized society c. fear of stomach bloating d. desire to please the family

a. body dissatisfaction

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive

a. borderline

Personality disorders were once known as a. character disorders. b. identity disorders. c. conduct disorders. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns.

a. character disorders.

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not. b. suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined. c. proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease. d. provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse.

a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not.

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking. b. the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation. c. alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension-reducing properties of alcohol. d. marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking.

a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.

Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common? a. fear of being or becoming fat b. a sense of control c. below normal weight d. restricted eating

a. fear of being or becoming fat

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from a. generalized social phobia. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

a. generalized social phobia.

A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that a. he is basically alone. b. few people can be trusted. c. no one can live up to his or her expectations. d. he is misunderstood.

a. he is basically alone.

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

a. histrionic personality disorder.

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk. a. impulsive b. vain c. dependent d. submissive

a. impulsive

Sibutramine acts to reduce appetite by a. inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. b. decreasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine. c. blocking receptors for serotonin and norepinephrine. d. interfering with digestion.

a. inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Leptin a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. b. is a hormone that is not related in any way to obesity. c. is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point. d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.

The five- factor model a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.

The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? a. Borderline personality disorder b. Antisocial personality disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder

b. Antisocial personality disorder

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors? a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations c. Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation) d. Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure

b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations

Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate? a. There are very few options available in the treatment of eating disorders. b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery. c. There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders. d. Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in the patient.

b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption? a. Argentina b. France c. Germany d. United States

b. France

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. Emotionality b. Grandiosity c. Impulsivity d. Vanity

b. Grandiosity

Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia? a. Family therapy has been found to be the most effective form of therapy for bulimia. b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome. c. The well-established role of the family in the development of eating disorders necessitates the involvement of the family in their treatment. d. CBT and other forms of individual psychotherapy have been found to be ineffective.

b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. Low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness b. High extraversion and high neuroticism c. High neuroticism and low agreeableness d. High conscientiousness and low assertiveness

b. High extraversion and high neuroticism

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder? a. High extraversion and low fantasy proneness b. High impulsivity and affective instability c. High antagonism and low neuroticism d. High agreeableness and low excitement seeking

b. High impulsivity and affective instability

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? a. High extraversion and low openness to feelings b. High introversion and high neuroticism c. High antagonism and low neuroticism d. High agreeableness and high angry hostility

b. High introversion and high neuroticism

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? a. Low agreeableness and high antagonism b. High introversion and low openness to feelings c. High introversion and low agreeableness d. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

b. High introversion and low openness to feelings

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Psychopathy is another name for antisocial personality disorder. b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy. c. Psychopathy is a less severe form of antisocial personality disorder. d. Psychopathy is a more easily treated form of antisocial personality disorder.

b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy

What is the relationship between obesity and social class? a. There is none. b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children. c. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults but higher SES children. d. Obesity occurs much more frequently in higher social class adults and children.

b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children.

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Clear link to schizophrenia d. Trust in other people

b. Oddness or eccentricity

Which of the following has been indicated as the best approach in the treatment of binge eating disorder? a. psychodynamic psychotherapy b. behavior therapy c. mindfulness therapy d. interpersonal psychotherapy

d. interpersonal psychotherapy

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.

b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM? a. Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight. b. The patient age is usually older. c. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders. d. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.

b. The patient age is usually older.

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it: a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder tries to resolve the issues rationally, and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.

b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men? a. Women are more likely to develop this disorder. b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women. c. Women are naturally more likely than men to engage in attention-seeking behaviors. d. The primary feature of this disorder is emotionality and women are more emotional than men.

b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women.

Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate? a. A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia. b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders. c. Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions. d. Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.

b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.

Why does the person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have problems in interpersonal relationships? a. They have no interest in having relationships. b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work. c. They are too emotionally expressive. d. Their manipulative behavior tends to destroy relationships.

b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work.

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism? a. To minimize withdrawal b. To minimize cravings c. To make alcohol aversive d. To prevent alcohol from acting on the brain's reward system

b. To minimize cravings

Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy? a. Careful planning of future activities that will help their families. b. Using charm to make a strong first impression. c. Strong feelings of remorse after wronging others. d. A total lack of desire to maintain friendships with others.

b. Using charm to make a strong first impression.

Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women? a. While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster. b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing. c. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster. d. Weight of the average woman doesn't seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman.

b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men? a. Women tend to eat less. b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men. c. Women usually drink more quickly than men. d. Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer.

b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is a. a form of suicidal behavior. b. a form of self-punishment. c. done to reduce depression. d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression.

b. a form of self-punishment.

Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed. b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed. c. symptoms are only present after age 15. d. it is seen equally on men and women.

b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.

All drugs that people become dependent upon a. are socially acceptable. b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain. c. provide the user with renewed energy. d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.

b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because a. alcohol has few calories. b. alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients. c. alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods. d. alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.

b. alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients.

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing a. a severe hangover. b. alcohol withdrawal delirium. c. alcohol amnestic disorder. d. alcohol-induced psychosis.

b. alcohol withdrawal delirium.

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is a. nearly 100 percent. b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents

b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism, a. alcoholics drink more because they are under greater stress. b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism. c. alcoholics do not get "high" when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative mood states. d. alcohol's ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to alcoholism.

b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism.

Cindy is 5 ' 6" tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is a. bulimia nervosa, purging type. b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type. c. anorexia nervosa, restricting type. d. no disorder.

b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability a. are likely to develop BPD in response to even minor stressors. b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma. c. come mainly from intact homes and are unlikely to develop BPD. d. come to enjoy acting out.

b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma.

The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse a. proves child sexual abuse is the leading cause of borderline personality disorder. b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important. c. has shown that the reports of sexual abuse were mostly false reports. d. suggests that some genetic component underlies both the disorder in the child and the parents' tendency to abuse.

b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important.

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is a. their age - younger black women have higher rates of eating disorders than older. b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values. c. their weight - very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorders as whites do. d. whether they were recent immigrants.

b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values.

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to a. be very concerned about possible punishment and to try to avoid it as much as possible. b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did. c. only be interested in rewards occasionally and to change his behavior quickly if rewards don't come as often as they did. d. be equally interested in rewards and punishments and do his best to get the first and avoid the second.

b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality a. is mainly learned. b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions. c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. d. is mainly genetic.

b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.

Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity? a. asthma b. cancer c. low blood pressure d. joint disease

b. cancer

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking. a. behavioral b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural

b. cognitive

Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have? a. self-induced vomiting b. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats c. normal menstrual periods d. occasional bouts of overeating

b. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. dependent c. avoidant d. narcissistic

b. dependent

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is a. borderline personality disorder. b. dependent personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

b. dependent personality disorder.

The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial personality disorder who were adopted into other families a. did not develop antisocial personality disorder. b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family. c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive family had problems, such as marital conflict. d. developed antisocial personality disorder at a later age than if they had been raised by their biological parents.

b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family.

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that a. biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders. b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased. c. definitions of beauty are not changed over time. d. there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits.

b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics a. experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men. b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men. c. tend to be more impulsive than the general population. d. respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.

b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men.

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her a. callousness. b. fear of rejection. c. desire to control others. d. lack of interest.

b. fear of rejection.

Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders, a. they are rarely used in clinical practice. b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers. c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact on treatment decisions. d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers.

The reciprocal influence model suggests that a. teens will start drinking early no matter what. b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking. c. it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens' expectancies about drinking are accurate. d. even with different expectancies, teens still drink.

b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because a. the diagnostic criteria are objective. b. many of the personality disorders share common features. c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated. d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began.

b. many of the personality disorders share common features.

In the treatment of eating disorders, medications a. have proven to be especially helpful in treating patients with anorexia. b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment. c. are commonly used to stimulate appetite. d. have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions.

b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment

Comfort food a. does nothing physiologically, any effects are due to expectation. b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system. c. changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more. d. affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full.

b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system.

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

b. narcissistic personality disorder.

Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with a. body satisfaction. b. negative affect. c. recovery from eating disorders. d. attitudes about interpersonal relationships.

b. negative affect.

In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must a. have a distorted body image. b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa. c. have missed three consecutive menstrual periods. d. admit that she has a problem.

b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa.

Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. obsessive-compulsive c. dependent d. avoidant

b. obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder? a. neuroticism b. perfectionism c. pessimism d. individualism

b. perfectionism

While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. Both A and B.

b. schizotypal

What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. GABA d. norepinephrine

b. serotonin

Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict a. she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed. b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight. c. she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame. d. she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting.

b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.

A moderating variable is a. something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism. b. something that influences the connection between two other variables. c. something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier. d. something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others.

b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.

Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called a. dialectical. b. splitting. c. entitlement. d. psychopathological.

b. splitting.

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future a. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase. b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease. c. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase. d. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease.

b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available. b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption. c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly. d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.

b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder. b. tolerance. c. withdrawal symptoms. d. an organic impairment.

b. tolerance.

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of a. how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time. b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking. c. how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism. d. why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful.

b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.

According to your textbook, each very high-risk antisocial youth may cost society between ____ and ____ in rehabilitation, incarceration, and costs to victims. a. $12,000; $20,000 b. $120,000; $200,000 c. $1.2 million; $2 million d. $12 million; $20 million

c. $1.2 million; $2 million

What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity? a. A child stops eating because of low self-esteem, becomes anorexic and then is successfully treated but still has negative feelings about her- or himself. b. A thin child eats normally but is teased about his or her weight and begins to diet further. c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight. d. A thin child binges because of depression and low self-esteem, purges and feels better, then feels safe to binge again, eating more later.

c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.

What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)? a. People with OCD are more perfectionistic than people with OCPD. b. People with OCPD are less conscientious about their rituals than people with OCD. c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have. d. People with OCD can do a compulsion once and feel better, people with OCPD never feel better no matter how many times they do them.

c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? a. Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn. b. Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious. c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning. d. Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem

c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.

Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral treatments for antisocial personality? a. Punishment b. Relaxation c. Self-critical thinking d. Response-prevention training

c. Self-critical thinking

In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for eating disorders, which of the following predicted poor outcomes for those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia? a. Depression b. Presence of a personality disorder c. Substance abuse d. OCD

c. Substance abuse

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate? a. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent. b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder. c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder. d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

About half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time. a. antisocial personality disorder b. schizophrenia c. a mood disorder d. histrionic personality disorder

c. a mood disorder

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes a. Down syndrome in the child. b. incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child. c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child. d. premature birth and higher rates of still-births.

c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.

Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa? a. refusal to maintain normal body weight b. distorted perception of body size and shape c. amenorrhea d. denial

c. amenorrhea

Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because a. the patient will eventually stop bingeing and purging and start fasting. b. anorexia is considered the more reliable diagnosis. c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia. d. bingeing and purging are not considered very important symptoms

c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.

c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.

In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder a. are emotional and dramatic. b. are impulsive and self-destructive. c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships. d. are exploitive rather than compliant.

c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

Individuals with personality disorders a. comply with societal expectations. b. reject societal expectations. c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society. d. have a strong sense of self.

c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society.

Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. dependent c. avoidant d. borderline

c. avoidant

Why are family attitudes about obesity important? a. because they reflect the genetic influences on obesity b. because they will cause people to be happier when obese c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us d. they aren't - peer influence is more important

c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us

Delilah is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. binge eating disorder d. purging disorder

c. binge eating disorder

Set-point theory explains why a. losing those last few pounds is easier than losing the first few. b. the desire for fatty high calorie foods decreases over time when deprived of food. c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction. d. serotonin levels change with fasting.

c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.

Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have? a. Narcissistic b. Histrionic c. Dependent d. Borderline

d. Borderline

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about others. b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder because they need others to love them. c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt. d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder to get attention.

c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.

Binge drinking in college a. is not as common as most people think. b. leads to alcoholism later in life. c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems d. leads to more problems for men than women.

c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems

Alcoholic blackouts a. cause hangovers. b. are seen only with heavy drinking. c. can occur with just moderate drinking. d. only happen when alcohol dependence has developed.

c. can occur with just moderate drinking.

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during a. a period of great success in an individual's life. b. old age. c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship. d. the transition to middle age.

c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.

The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is a. unconditional love and acceptance. b. neglect. c. criticism. d. lack of direction and rules.

c. criticism.

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. schizotypal

c. dependent

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its consequence. b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive behaviors. c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses. d. showed larger than normal fear potential startle responses.

c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses.

Families of people with anorexia a. do not have any characteristic features. b. tend to provide few rules and limits. c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism. d. emphasize individuality.

c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.

The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she a. had suffered few health problems. b. had few thoughts of food except when she was eating. c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation. d. did not realize that her eating habits were abnormal.

c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.

Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she a. purges only once every few years b. is unconcerned about becoming fat. c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies. d. is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself "fat."

c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder a. is an older diagnosis. b. focuses more on personality characteristics. c. focuses more on observable behaviors.

c. focuses more on observable behaviors.

Alcohol's effects on ________ explain its ability to impair judgment. a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. glutamate d. endogenous opioids

c. glutamate

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she a. experiences little distress in her life. b. has difficulty in initiating relationships. c. has acute discomfort when she is alone. d. prefers being alone rather than being with people who might criticize her.

c. has acute discomfort when she is alone.

Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men? a. heterosexuality b. bicycling c. homosexuality d. painting

c. homosexuality

Cirrhosis of the liver a. is a rare complication of alcoholism. b. is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol. c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol. d. is debilitating but rarely fatal.

c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.

Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their a. ability to function. b. display of psychotic symptoms. c. level of emotionality. d. likelihood of recovery.

c. level of emotionality.

Malnutrition a. does not occur in alcoholics since alcohol provides both calories and nutrients. b. only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food. c. may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients. d. is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.

c. may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients.

Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. histrionic c. narcissistic d. paranoid

c. narcissistic

The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold. a. borderline b. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive d. dependent

c. obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder? a. Depressive b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Borderline

d. Borderline

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is a. they are directly inherited disorders. b. they have no biological component, they are learned. c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder. d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.

In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also a. teach the clients to be greater risk-takers. b. educate the clients that fat people have certain character flaws. c. provide factual information about eating and dieting. d. help the client to emotionally separate from her family.

c. provide factual information about eating and dieting.

The "alcohol flush reaction" a. is seen during alcohol withdrawal. b. produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature. c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol. d. might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.

c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

c. schizoid

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

c. schizotypal

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

c. schizotypal personality disorder.

Because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in DSM-IV were a. not listed. b. categorized as emotional disorders. c. separated from mood disorders. d. given what is called a "provisional" category.

c. separated from mood disorders.

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? a. overly sensitive to the feelings of others b. high tolerance for frustration c. strong need for praise and admiration d. over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles

c. strong need for praise and admiration

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on a. similar etiologies. b. level of dysfunction. c. symptom or feature similarities. d. expected prognosis.

c. symptom or feature similarities.

Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity? a. Obesity is no longer a factor that decreases survival, thus genes for obesity are becoming more prevalent in the general population. b. the tendency to underfeed children who then overeat as adults c. the adoption of unhealthy life styles d. the popularity of dieting

c. the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles

Set-point theory about weight suggests that a. dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia. b. people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight. c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges. d. sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals.

c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.

One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that a. not enough research has been done using twins. b. there are so many cultural differences in the use of alcohol that it blurs the genetic differences. c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics). d. there has been too much of a focus on the study of the nonalcoholic children of alcoholics.

c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics).

Alcohol withdrawal delirium a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously. b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder. c. typically lasts from three to six days. d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.

c. typically lasts from three to six days.

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are a. alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal. b. what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal." c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis." d. alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.

c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."

Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat, a. works very well for obesity. b. works very well for extreme obesity but not regular obesity. c. works modestly well for obesity. d. results have been uncertain.

c. works modestly well for obesity.

Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders? a. It is the therapy of choice for most disorders. b. The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established. c. Medical interventions have proven ineffective. d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. "I need a man to define me." b. "I am the only one I can trust." c. "I am completely helpless." d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say a. "Alcohol is my enemy but I don't think I am strong enough to combat it." b. "I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction." c. "You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment." d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

One proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. Which change was this? a. All existing personality disorders will be split into two sub-categories (chronic and intermittent) b. All existing personality disorders will be removed and only mood disorders will remain c. A categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5? a. Alcoholism b. Alcoholic Syndrome Disorder c. Substance-Interdependence Disorder d. Alcohol Use Disorder

d. Alcohol Use Disorder

Callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals? a. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria. b. Callie's diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria. c. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa. d. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.

d. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.

Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? a. Panic disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Depression

d. Depression

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism? a. While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states. b. There is a risk of dependence. c. It has to be administered intravenously. d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa? a. Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics. b. Few people with anorexia achieve full remission. c. The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes too small to yield valid conclusions. d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed? a. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much lower blood alcohol levels. b. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels. c. Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level. d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity? a. High socioeconomic status b. Living in an Asian culture c. Being well-cared-for as a child d. Low parental education

d. Low parental education

Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

d. Narcissistic

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. Paranoid and schizoid b. Schizotypal and schizoid c. Schizoid and antisocial d. Paranoid and schizotypal

d. Paranoid and schizotypal

Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders? a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are more difficult to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and reluctance to enter therapy. b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder ought to be altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered. c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing good therapeutic relationships with their therapist. d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type? a. The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting. b. Altered eating and exercise habits result in missed periods in the bulimic type only. c. The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type. d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizoid d. Schizotypal

d. Schizotypal

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms? a. The amount of control families tried to have over the person b. The degree of overprotectiveness parents displayed c. The amount of marital conflict between the parents d. The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

d. The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? a. The border between mood and anxiety disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Obesity a. is based on an individual's subjective opinion of their own weight. b. rates vary little across Western cultures. c. is not associated with any form of stigma. d. has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.

d. has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her status? a. Treating another disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well. b. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only disorder. c. The other disorder should be treated first. d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience mild irritability. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why? a. Their extreme distrust makes lasting relationships impossible. b. Their self-reliance leads them to feel that they do not need anyone else. c. Their exaggerated sense of self-importance is generally off-putting. d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment? a. They are suspicious that therapists will steal their ideas. b. They afraid they will become dependent on the therapist. c. They are hypersensitive to criticism. d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese? a. China b. Japan c. United Kingdom d. United States

d. United States

Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder? a. A child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. A child with oppositional defiant disorder c. A child with conduct disorder d. A child with conduct disorder and A or B

d. a child with conduct disorder and A or B

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is a. the presence of hallucinations. b. a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events. c. acute fear and extreme suggestibility. d. a memory defect for recent events.

d. a memory defect for recent events.

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.

d. a personality disorder

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that a. all personality disorders have a biological basis. b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders. c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders. d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as a. alcoholic withdrawal. b. alcohol withdrawal delirium. c. delirium tremens. d. alcohol amnestic disorder.

d. alcohol amnestic disorder

The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is a. recurrent depression. b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others. c. cognitive and perceptual distortions. d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely a. narcissistic personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. histrionic personality disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

d. antisocial personality disorder.

Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to a. engage in a series of intense, unstable relationships. b. have no interest in social relationships. c. avoid achievement situations where she might fail. d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.

d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.

Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline

d. borderline

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder.

d. borderline personality disorder.

Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. a. systematic desensitization b. family therapy c. antidepressant medication d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

A common sign of bulimia nervosa is a. lanugo. b. intolerance to cold. c. kidney failure. d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa? a. memory loss b. excessive hair growth c. hearing and vision impairment d. death

d. death

What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders? a. post-traumatic stress disorder and depression b. panic disorder and personality disorders c. generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse d. depression and personality disorders

d. depression and personality disorders

The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia a. is basically the same. b. is very different - people with anorexia eventually become satisfied with their weight loss and people with bulimia never do. c. is very different - people with bulimia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with anorexia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder. d. is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.

d. is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are ________ than among European peoples. This fact may be related to ________. a. higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP b. higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol c. lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.

d. mistrustful.

At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

d. narcissistic

Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined? a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. binge-eating disorder d. obesity

d. obesity

Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Obesity

d. obesity

What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders? a. making a diagnosis before the disorder becomes life threatening b. engaging the family in the treatment process c. finding an effective pharmacological treatment d. overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

d. overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics? a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. GABA d. serotonin

d. serotonin

Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity? a. amphetamine b. phentermine c. fenfluramine d. sibutramine

d. sibutramine

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

After bariatric surgery, a. patients stay normal weight the rest of their lives. b. some patients do not lose any weight. c. most patients do not survive. d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight

d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight.

Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders a. is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes. b. is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa. c. suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains. d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice.

d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice.

A lack of body distortions among the Amish a. provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders. b. indicates that the Amish do not value physical beauty. c. suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived. d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that a. impulsive behavior is rare. b. a need for others is not exhibited. c. comorbid diagnoses are rare. d. the central role of sexuality is not present.

d. the central role of sexuality is not present.

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________. a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory c. depressive; excitatory d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed a. with anorexia nervosa, binge/purge subtype. b. with eating disorder not otherwise specified. c. with binge eating disorder. d. with purging disorder.

d. with purging disorder.

When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body, a. young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women. b. most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal. c. young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do. d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.

d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.