Psychotherapy Final
Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?
all of these
Concerning research on psychotherapy, it can be said that Carl Rogers
all of these
During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists
all of these
Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of
all of these
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as
all of these
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:
all of these
In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which areas?
all of these
Person-centered research has been conducted
all of these
The empty chair technique
all of these
The person-centered approach has been applied to
all of these
The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves:
all of these
What is the function of the behavior therapist
all of these
What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague?
all of these
Which methods are often used in reality therapy
all of these
Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may
all of these
self-management strategies include
all of these
When practicing mindfulness
all of these.
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to
all of thses
Therapists utilizing motivational interviewing strategies view clients as:
allies who play a major role in their present and future success
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is
attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.
According to Dreikurs, four goals of children's misbehavior include: (p.421)
attention getting, power struggle, and assumed disability
B.F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?
operant conditioning
A contribution of this therapeutic approach is
all of these
A self-actualized person
all of these
Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to
all of these
Behavior therapists tend to
all of these
Behavior therapy is best suited for
all of these
Which of the following is not one of Ellis' three basic musts?
"I must be kind to others or else I wont' be a good person"
What is Robert Wubboding likely to say about people's problem's?
"People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked"
A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by
"Sounds like you're depressing"
Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?
Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it
Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality.
. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.
Which of the following is not true about the most recent trends in person-centered therapy
Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used
Who was the first person of the modem era to do family therapy
Adler
Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of: (p.414)
Adlerian family therapy
Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in: (p.419
Adlerian family therapy
The teleological lens is central to:
Adlerian family therapy
Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling
Albert Bandura
The founder of Rational Emotive Therapy
Albert Ellis
Which ofthe following individuals is not associated with family therapy?
Albert Ellis
Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?
Albert Ellis
Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?
All of these
________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy
Arnold Lazarus
Which of the following behavior theorists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?
Bandura
All of the following are characteristic of the behavioral approaches except
Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior
Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective? (p.410)
Bowenian family therapy
Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged? (p. 415)
Bowenian family therapy
The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to
Challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life
Which statement is not true?
Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control. True Statements: Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social and cultural environments.
Which is not true of DBT?
DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral concepts
Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
During his childhood, he was a model student
Which of the statements below regarding Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is not true?
EFT was developed by Fritz Perls wife, Laura
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person centered approach
Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
Fritz Perls
Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?
It is a way of surfacing unfinished business
Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?
It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients
Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic?
Judith Beck
Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is not accurate?
MI was developed by Maslow in the late 70s after he created his theory on self-actualization
Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:
Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes steps to confront his fear
What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?
Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions
Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps?
Satir
The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction is most associated with which theory of family therapy? (p.418)
Satir's human validation process model
Which of the following i not a key concept of the person-centered approach?
The focus is on the exploration of a client's past
reality is objectively defined
The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion that:
Which statements are true of the person-centered approach?
The techniques a therapist uses are less important than his or her attitudes
Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?
The therapist is manipulative and controlling
Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?
The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals
Which of the following is true about "technical eclectism" in multimodal therapy?
Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the theory
Which of the following is false as it applies to the practice of solution-focused brief therapy?
Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.
A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Roger's writing is
a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established
Reality therapy is best categorized as
a form of cognitive behavior therapy.
All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy except
a great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy
The person-centered philosophy views diagnosis as
a labeling process that diminishes the therapist's ability to develop a holistic understanding of the client
Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?
a more precise focus on psychopathology
. A potential limitation of the family systems model is: (p.440)
a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.
Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following
a philosophical view of human behavior
person-centered therapy is best described as
a philosophy of how the therapy process develops
Adrianne, who is uncertain about her career goals and is afraid to commit to any career path, is working with a therapist who specializes in using motivational interviewing strategies. What will her therapist look for in order to assess the success of therapy?
a reduction in Adrianne's ambivalence about choosing a career path and an increase in her intrinsic motivation to clarify her direction
Reality therapy is best described as
a short-term therapy that stresses doing.
In Gestalt therapy, the experiment is considered
a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs
Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but
a time-limited intervention
The correct components of ABC theory of personality are
activating event, belief, consequence
The key principle on applied behavior analysis is
a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.
The person-centered view of human nature:
affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life.
The major focus of family therapy is
all of the ABOVE
A family systems perspective is grounded on the assumption(s) that a client's problematic behavior may:
all of the above
REBT can best be considered as:
all of the above
Reality therapy has gained popularity with
all of the above
behavior therapy is characterized by
all of the above
Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for:
allowing the client to focus on symptoms
Contemporary gestalt therapists view client resistance as
an element of therapy that needs to be respected
In the ABC model, the A stands for
antecedents
behavior therapy is based on
applying the experimental method to the therapeutic process.
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
ask Greta to intensify her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it
Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:
asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams
Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the acronym BASIC ID?
aspirations
Haley has difficulty turning down dates and consistently allows men to take advantage of her. A behavioral intervention that may help Haley establish appropriate boundaries with others and speak up for herself is:
assertion training
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy
assessment
In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to
assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.
In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is:
b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship.
Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:
be taught to view any lapses that occur as learning opportunities rather than
Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is
becoming stronger
Sergio is co-leading a social skills group for children with Aspergers. He and his co-leader must collect data on group members' progress:
before, during, and after all interventions
behavior therapy assumes that
behavior is learned
According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
blame
Sandra is a reality therapist who is meeting her client Paul, who struggles with career indecision, for the first time. How might she begin her work with Paul?
by asking Paul what he wants from therapy
Erv Polster believes that storytelling
can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings.
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that
caring confrontations can be beneficial
In reality therapy, the counseling environment is
characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures
Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:
classical conditioning
Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?
cognitive homework
Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy?
cognitive-behavior/action oriented
Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?
conceptual-application-rehearsal
Beck cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except
conducting a lifestyle assessment
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
confluence
According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are
congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding
In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must
connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience
Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?
creative expression
In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs?
disputational method
In person-centered group therapy, the leader
displays a sense of trust in the members
REBT contends that people
do not need to be accepted and loved.
The main goal of behavior therapy
eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.
One strength of cognitive behavior therapy group counseling is that
emphasis is placed on symptom prevention
Adlerian family therapy strives to as its goal. (p.418)
establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family
Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program
evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests
Field theory suggests
everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux
Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?
evoking group catharsis
Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe times in their lives when they were able to solve their problem or when their problem was less severe?
exception questions
Gestalt therapy is a form of
existential therapy
Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior
existential-phenomenological
what is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
exploration of one's family constellation
In the solution-oriented approach, which is not considered one of the three basic parts to the structure of summary feedback?
expressing concern
The person centered therapist is best described as a
facilitator
Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use? (
family sculpting
All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:
focus on the client's early childhood experiences.
Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?
focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity"
Which method is not employed in REBT?
free association
Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:
functional assessment
. A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:
genogram
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?
genuineness
Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist? (
giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies
Which of the following is not true about Carl Rogers
he developed cognitive therapy
Person-centered therapy is a
humanistic approach to therapy
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except:
hypnosis`
. A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the following questions?
if a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know its solved what would be different?
All of the following are true about social skills training except
in requires clients to engage in catharsis
In Meichenbaum's cogitative behavior modification, what is given primary importance?
inner speech
The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:
insight
In vivo flooding consists of
intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-provoking stimuli
A healthy contact experience involves
interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self, creativity, and maintaining balance between the figure and the ground.
Which of the following lenses addresses the family 's goals? (p. 421 )
internal family systems
REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of:
irrational thinking and behaving
Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy?
it asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems
Which of the following would not be considered a feature of good self-contract?
it is a verbal agreement between client and therapist
The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:
operant condition
All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:
it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy
Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist?
it is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance
Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except:
it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.
A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:
its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance
According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because
language shapes feelings
In group settings, behavior therapists must provide all of the following except
little direct feedback
According to Rogerian therapy an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:
looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on: (p.415)
maintaining a stance of neutrality
Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person to speak to each of the other group members?
making the rounds
MBCT integrates techniques from
mindfulness based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy
The technique of reflection involves the therapist
mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation.
According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include all of the following except
negative reinforcement
_____ involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred
negative reinforcement
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of Carl roger's approach to counseling?
nondirective/ client-centered/person-centered
A limitation of behavior therapy is
none of these
Person-centered therapy is best explained as
none of these
The main therapeutic goal of REBT is
none of these
In acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance"
nonjudgmental awareness
Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:
operant condition
The premise of exposure based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through
pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response
The Gestalt therapist
pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.
In the 1960s and 1970 Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of:
personal-growth groups and encounter groups
Carlos, an 8 year old boy was recently removed from his home because he was being physically and sexually abused by his father. In accordance with Maslow's framework, which needs took precedence?
physical and safety needs
The __________ that recently has come into prominence shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach
positive psychology movement
Patrick has been confronted by family members and friends about his excessive gambling. Despite their attempts to help him, he insists that they are overreacting and that he has everything under control. He does not feel the need to alter his behaviors. Patrick is at which stage of change?
precontemplation
A reality therapist will primarily focus on:
present behavior.
In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:
provides a basis for responsible practice
The REBT technique that involve having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called
rational-emotive imagery
Triangles in family relationships can best be explained as ____ _
reducing anxiety and emotional tension in relationships
In DBT, skills are taught in 4 modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed?
relapse prevention
Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training?
relaxation
Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy
relaxation training
Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except
releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ
reliving an early childhood event
EDMR is typically used to help clients
restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events
A teenage girls is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:
retroflection
Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?
reunification
Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:
self efficacy
If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
self-management
Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on?
semantics
From Carl Rogers's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by
sense of equality
All of following are cognitive methods of REBT except for
shame-attacking exercises
Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"
shame-attacking exercises
Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist:
should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream
What lens includes the biological, individual, relational, familial, and societal levels?
the developmental lens
Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:
social learning theory
Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:
stimulating the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.
Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model?
storied lives and narratives
Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family?
structural family therapy
The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a
student or learner
Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?
systematic desensitization
Stress innoculation training consists of all the following except
tapping into the unconscious realm
Lazarus argues in favor of
technical eclecticism
What is a limitation of person-centered therapy?
the approach does not emphasize the role of techniques in creating change in the client's life
A critical difference between early gestalt therapy and relational gestalt therapy is
the approach to confrontation
Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy
the client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to
the client/therapist relationship
REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?
the empirical method
One point of disagreement between existential and humanistic thought involves
the idea of an innate self-actualizing drive
All of the following are characteristics shared by the postmodern and person-centered approaches except
the importance of using specific techniques in therapy.
Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?
the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change
When a person experiences and internal conflict, (namely a conflict between the topdog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
the internal dialogue exercise
An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:
the internal repetition of irrational sentences
Which lens of family therapy is most likely to be concerned with the question, "How does the family's level of economics, education, ethnicity, religion, race, regional background, gender, and age affect the family's processes?"
the multicultural lens
A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of: (p.415)
triangulation
One of the main way that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach
the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process
What is the most important factor related to progress in person centered therapy
the relationship between the client and therapist
A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:
the reversal exercise
Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by: (p. 418)
the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.
Arguably, the most central limitation of the person centered approach is
the therapist's limitations as a person
A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is
the therapist's role as facilitator
One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that
there can be a tendency to give too much support and enough challenge
According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives
The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses
thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing
The function of the reality therapist is
to assist clients in dealing with the present.
The person-centered therapist's most important function is
to be his or her real self in the relationship with a client
The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups is not:
to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.
All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:
using the reflecting team
Which of the following is not a component of total behavior
wanting
WDEP stands for
wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning.
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests
we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.
According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:
we think of simple preferences as dire needs
According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except
withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis
Techniques used in MBSR include all but
yoga
