PTCB Therapeutic equivalence 1.2

Which over-the-counter medication class can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke?

NSAIDs - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflamitory Drugs

Generally, a generic substitution can be made under what criteria?

They must meet all of the following: Same active ingredients; Same dosage and form; Same route of administration

Iodine is an element that is important in the production of which substance in the body?

Thyroid Hormone

What is a common auxiliary label for phenazopyridine?

"May cause discoloration of the urine"

What concentration of sodium chloride is hypotonic to body cells?

0.7% NaCl

What concentration of sodium chloride is isotonic with body cells?

0.9% NaCl

Which pharmacokinetic phase involves the movement of drug molecules from their site of administration to the blood?

Absorption

Using pharmocokinetic phases, how are drugs processed through the body?

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

A patient taking metronidazole should avoid what substance?

Alcohol

Patients should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking what medication?

Alendronate

A reaction in which the actions of a drug are inhibited or decreased by the actions of another drug

Antagonistic reaction

The effects of probiotics can be decreased by which class of medications?

Antibiotics

Patients taking anticoagulant medications should take caution when using which OTC medication?

Aspirin, or other NSAIDs

Which common antibiotic is okay to use with a severe penicillin allergy?

Azithromycin

A patient who is allergic to penicillins may also have an allergy to which other drug class?

Cephalosporins

What common antibiotics can cause photosensitivity?

Ciprofloxacin; Sulfamethoxazole; doxycycline

Antacids containing aluminum can cause what side effect?

Constipation

To which class of medications does Prednisone belong?

Corticosteroids

Which pharmacokinetic phase involves the removal of a drug from the body?

Excretion

Quinolone antibiotics should not be administered concurrently with________________.

Dairy products

What pharmacokinetic phase involves the transport of drugs by the blood to other parts of the body?

Distribution

What are semi-synthetics drugs?

Drugs composed of both natural and synthetic molecules

What food should people taking statins avoid?

Grapefruit: A chemical in the grapefruit inhibits the ability certain medications in this class

Hypertonic

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid

Hypotonic

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid

Isotonic

Having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid

Which diuretic medication should not be taken by a patient with a sulfa allergy?

Hydrochlorothiazide

A patient starting sotalol should be monitored in a hospital during the start of therapy to minimize the risk of what side effect?

Induced arrhythmia

What natural product is associated with liver toxicity? (Non-alcohol)

Kava kava

Fermented foods should be avoided while taking which class of medications?

MAOI - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

How do you calculate the body surface area for a patient? Eg: 50.9 kg and 167.6 cm in height

Meausured in m^2, BSA= the square root of ([height in cm x weight in kg]/3600) = (sqrt[heightxweight])/6. In the first equation, solving "([heightxweight)/3600)" will give you m^4. To get the m^2, sqrt. (I don't know where the "/6" came from either.) sqrt([167.6x50.9]/3600) = sqrt(2.37) = 1.54m^2

What pharmacokinetic phase involves the chemical processes that change drug molecules?

Metabolism

Antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of which medication class?

Oral contraceptives

Rifampin will decrease the levels of what class of medications?

Oral contraceptives

For people with high blood pressure, what OTC medication should they avoid?

Pseudoephedrine

MAOIs must avoid being used with what type of medication?

SSRIs

What is pharmacokinetics?

The study of the movement of drugs within the body

Use of MAOIs and SSRIs concurrently can cause what potentially fatal condition?

Serotonin syndrome

Why can't St. John's Wort be taken with certain medications?

Studies have shown it may significantly reduce the plasma concentrations of some medication, and reduce the efficacy of others. (Warfarin, digoxin, indinavir, cyclosporin, other common HIV medications, possibly oral contraceptives, and more)

Pregnant people should avoid taking which antibiotic?

Tetracyclines

What is pharmacodynamics?

The study of what the drug does to the body

Patients taking MAOIs should avoids foods and beverages containing what?

Tyramine

What vitamins are fat soluble?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Should levothyroxine be given with or without food?

Without food