public speaking final (ch1-13)

When reading and taking notes on your research materials, it is always important to read the entire source to get a sense of the overall argument. a. True b. False

b. False

When using search engines like Google to start your research project, the main problem is often the lack of sources. a. True b. False

b. False

When your research doesn't support your original proposition, your research is considered a failure. a. True b. False

b. False

Letting the audience know whether you have a personal motive, specific experience, or vested interest in your topic is an example of which principle of ethical public speaking? a. Be open. b. Represent evidence responsibly. c. Be generous. d. Be balanced.

a. Be open.

All of the following are drawbacks of deceptive speech except: a. Deceptive speech practices can make speech preparation more difficult. b. Deceptive speech can damage your credibility. c. Deceptive speech practices can induce your audience to act on or believe in things that are untrue. d. Making unethical choices in public speaking can become a habit that damages your character.

a. Deceptive speech practices can make speech preparation more difficult.

____________ creates a large idea map of your presentation. a. Spatial mapping software b. Slide-based presentation software c. Keynote d. Powerpoint

a. Spatial mapping software

According to the text, using narration in a speech which includes a specific theme to illustrate a general theme you would like to pursue is called the _______________ method. a. Sunday feature b. thesis c. inverted pyramid d. deduction paradigm

a. Sunday feature

Putting yourself on the line and putting your ideas up for public scrutiny are examples of which principle of ethical public speaking? a. Take appropriate risks. b. Be balanced. c. Be generous. d. Be open.

a. Take appropriate risks.

"Low -> middle -> high" is an example of progression. a. True b. False

a. True

A presentation aid can help engage your audience by calling upon more of their senses. a. True b. False

a. True

A speech that is all quotes or all statistics can be difficult to listen to. a. True b. False

a. True

After-dinner speaking may actually be one of the most challenging speaking situations. a. True b. False

a. True

Although lies may be acceptable in some narrow instances, they are never justifiable in public speaking. a. True b. False

a. True

An appeal is an attempt to influence an audience. a. True b. False

a. True

Apathetic audiences don't care about a topic because they don't know that they should care about it. a. True b. False

a. True

Appeals to positive emotions work because people are often predisposed to feeling these emotions and they give an audience a sense of participation in an issue. a. True b. False

a. True

Basic principles are the same for any speech, whether delivered on the floor of the Senate, the State of the Union Address, a business presentation or a talk at a local community group. a. True b. False

a. True

Being a good and effective public speaker is within everyone's ability. a. True b. False

a. True

Digital media equipment that doesn't work can sabotage your speech, so it's important to have a back-up plan. a. True b. False

a. True

Good communication is, by definition, responsive communication. a. True b. False

a. True

If a speaker relies too much on visual images or media in presentational aids, they are at risk of distracting their audience from what they want to say. a. True b. False

a. True

If possible, when conducting interviews, you should plan to record and transcribe the conversation. a. True b. False

a. True

If you're attracted to a charismatic speaker, you might find it more difficult to listen to what they have to say. a. True b. False

a. True

In regard to text, it is best to keep quotations in presentation aids to about 10 or 12 words. a. True b. False

a. True

Informative speeches could indirectly influence decisions the audience makes in the future. a. True b. False

a. True

It is a good idea to mark your notecards with reminders to breathe every point or so. a. True b. False

a. True

One of the easiest and most important ways to get over a research hump is to go to the library and talk to a research librarian. a. True b. False

a. True

Our language carries assumptions and implications with it. a. True b. False

a. True

Part of your responsibility as an informative speaker is to adapt your speech to be relevant to your audience, because what makes sense to one audience might not make sense to another. a. True b. False

a. True

PechaKucha speeches require a specific format that includes 20 slides shown for 20 seconds each. a. True b. False

a. True

People like the novelty of new information and usually appreciate the surprise value of information that upsets conventional wisdom. a. True b. False

a. True

Simile is an explicit comparison between two things that use "like" or "as" to connect them. a. True b. False

a. True

Staying within your time limit is an important skill for competent, ethical speaking. a. True b. False

a. True

The Seven Principles of Ethical Public Speaking ultimately imply that public speaking should be about relationship and conversation. a. True b. False

a. True

The basic way to create an antithesis is to use words with opposite meaning, such as best and worst. a. True b. False

a. True

The best topics are found in the area where your interests, the interests and needs of the audience, and the demands of the occasion overlap. a. True b. False

a. True

The fragmentation of the audience that results from focusing on demographic information makes it difficult to make good choices about how to engage with your audience. a. True b. False

a. True

The purpose/thesis statement should come after the first part of the introduction. a. True b. False

a. True

The shorter the time constraints of the speech, the more disciplined and sharp you will need to be in choosing a topic and purpose. a. True b. False

a. True

The way a speaker delivers a message makes a big difference in the way an audience responds to it. a. True b. False

a. True

There is no one best way of listening. What's "good" in listening depends on what you're trying to accomplish. a. True b. False

a. True

Though the introduction is the part of the speech you will deliver first, it may well be the last part you will draft. a. True b. False

a. True

We can hear a speech in another language, but if we don't understand the language, we can't listen to it. a. True b. False

a. True

We find speakers more reliable and trustworthy when they make their speeches more personal by sharing their firsthand experiences and concerns with the audience. a. True b. False

a. True

When considering occasional speeches, it is the speaker's responsibility to identify the constraints on appropriate speech, then find a way to make them fresh and new. a. True b. False

a. True

When presenting an award, one way to build drama is to not say the recipient's name until later in your speech. a. True b. False

a. True

Your speech should ideally have just two or three main points. a. True b. False

a. True

Your text suggests that the term "public" refers to a group of people who share a common set of concerns. a. True b. False

a. True

Your textbook suggests that when you are called on to give a speech during a graduation, drawing on personal experience and stories is one way to avoid using clichés. a. True b. False

a. True

All of the following are recommendations for how to give a successful graduation speech except: a. Use many familiar clichés. b. Use only appropriate humor. c. Focus on values. d. Consider metaphors.

a. Use many familiar clichés.

Crowd-sourced entries which can usually be modified by anybody are known as _____________. a. Wikis b. blogs c. opinion pieces in a newspaper d. peer-reviewed articles

a. Wikis

Rhetoric is best understood as: a. a form of action that motivates change. b. a long, very wordy speech. c. an obsolete field of study from ancient Greece. d. empty talk.

a. a form of action that motivates change.

Thinking about the beliefs, values, experiences, and motivations that characterize your audience is known as: a. audience analysis. b. audience responsiveness. c. audience demographics. d. audience awareness.

a. audience analysis.

A record of all the sources where you found your information is called a/n: a. bibliography. b. research agenda. c. evidence trail. d. direct quotation.

a. bibliography.

According to the text, rather than being abstract and theoretical, it is best to hold the interest of the audience by being: a. concrete and vivid. b. general and basic. c. indistinct and common. d. ambiguous and vague.

a. concrete and vivid.

A public speaker who carefully verifies the persuasive facts they plan to present to their audience is demonstrating the ________dimension of public speaking. a. ethical b. professional c. thoughtful d. verification

a. ethical

Choosing to give your speech from prepared notes, as opposed to written out or memorized, is called __________ speaking. a. extemporaneous b. impromptu c. practical d. contemporaneous

a. extemporaneous

Which type of delivery involves the speaker's reliance on limited notes to supply specific words and sentences? a. extemporaneous speaking b. impromptu speaking c. speaking from manuscript d. speaking from memory

a. extemporaneous speaking

All of the following are possibilities of eliciting positive emotions in an audience except: a. fear. b. nobility. c. empowerment. d. sympathy.

a. fear.

Speaking ______________ gives the appearance of spontaneity, and because it is close to acting, it is the mode of performance farthest from daily conversation. a. from memory b. off the top of your head c. using limited notes d. from manuscript

a. from memory

One of the goals of an informative speech is to use wording and other stylistic choices to: a. generate positive or negative feelings. b. change the attitudes of an audience. c. share information in a neutral way d. provide the audience with information they already know.

a. generate positive or negative feelings.

According to your text, one of the biggest challenges of our times is to learn to speak in a way that: a. generates cooperation and insight and that avoids division and narrow-mindedness. b. enables us to win every argument. c. gives us a competitive edge in the global marketplace. d. generates memorable quotes and that avoids losing the audience's interest.

a. generates cooperation and insight and that avoids division and narrow-mindedness.

Looking at a topic in terms of "our city," "our state," or "our campus" is to narrow the topic by ______________. a. geography or location b. time frame c. audience interest d. occasion

a. geography or location

All of the following are aspects of your voice that you control during speaking except: a. gestures. b. articulation. c. inflection. d. volume.

a. gestures.

In which type of speech is your task to arouse the audience's interest in a person and take a moment to honor her or him in the process? a. introducing a speaker b. wedding toast c. graduation d. eulogy

a. introducing a speaker

The purpose of a/n _________________is to allow the audience to listen knowledgeably for the important points you will make. a. introduction b. conclusion c. body d. transition

a. introduction

According to the textbook, using off-color, or foul, language should be avoided because: a. it is disrespectful to the audience. b. it is illegal. c. it is too concrete and vivid. d. it relies on logical appeals.

a. it is disrespectful to the audience.

The actual group of people in the back of the room who have opinions and ideas all their own are known as what type of audience? a. literal audience b. diverse audience c. responsive audience d. rhetorical audience

a. literal audience

All of the following are different and correct ways of defining unfamiliar terms except: a. metaphorical. b. negation. c. logical. d. operational.

a. metaphorical.

If you have chosen a current event for a topic, your best bet for specific research materials will be: a. news sources. b. scholarly articles. c. books. d. historical documents.

a. news sources.

Ceremonial speeches are often called _____________ speeches. a. occasional b. informative c. party d. persuasive

a. occasional

This crucial tool for creating a compelling communication experience combines the immediacy and power of a person speaking with the structure and clarity of a written text: a. organization b. delivery c. persuasion d. style

a. organization

All of the following are suggestions for effectively practicing your speech except: a. practice in front of a mirror. b. breathe, breathe, breathe. c. practice in front of an audience. d. practice making mistakes.

a. practice in front of a mirror.

When language attempts to distract the listener through a charged formulation that distracts people from thinking critically, as opposed to letting the audience make a decision based upon the merits of the evidence, we call it: a. prejudicial. b. responsible. c. democratic. d. ethical.

a. prejudicial.

Newspapers, books, and journals make up which type of available research resource? a. print materials b. conversations c. informational interviews d. electronic media

a. print materials

Which pattern of organization is used by speakers to advocate new policy or a specific course of action? a. problem/solution b. topical c. spatial d. chronological

a. problem/solution

Picking a topic area requires that you coordinate three important considerations. Which of the following is not one of those considerations? a. providing ample evidence b. the specific occasion c. your interests d. your audience's needs and interests

a. providing ample evidence

Which pattern organizes points by location in space? a. spatial b. chronological c. problem/solution d. topical

a. spatial

What tool for choosing a rhetorical audience invites an audience to see your topic in a specific role that changes their perspective on a topic? a. the "as test" b. audience generalization c. the "who, what, when, where, and whys" of audience interaction d. demographic analysis

a. the "as test"

When giving an informative speech about a person, all of the following are aspects that make the person an interesting topic for a speech except: a. the person's ordinary daily habits. b. the person's admirable or unique abilities. c. the person's accomplishments. d. being famous or infamous.

a. the person's ordinary daily habits.

The preparation stage of a speech is comprised of the following two-parts: a. think about what you want to say and choose structure and content. b. choose your topic and think about how you might conduct research. c. think about your audience and choose what you're going to wear. d. choose your topic and ask your friends what they think

a. think about what you want to say and choose structure and content.

All of the following are primary reasons to integrate supplemental media in your speech except: a. to help the audience indirectly experience something you are speaking about. b. to increase audience retention. c. to simplify explanations. d. to increase audience attention and engagement.

a. to help the audience indirectly experience something you are speaking about.

Which type of listening primarily seeks to make sense out of what is being said? a. Passive listening b. Active listening c. Critical listening d. Expressive listening

b. Active listening

____________ describes the clarity with which you pronounce the sounds in words and make them distinct and intelligible. a. Inflection b. Articulation c. Volume d. Speed

b. Articulation

To adapt your speech to your audience, you should do all of the following except: a. Identify common interests b. Avoid commonly used words c. Be directive d. Work from common premises

b. Avoid commonly used words

___________ is the attempt to establish a relationship of trust with your audience and convince them you are someone they should listen to. a. Manipulation b. Ethos c. Pathos d. Logos

b. Ethos

"Adapting to the audience" just means telling people what they already know or want to believe. a. True b. False

b. False

A metaphor is an assertion that is literally true. a. True b. False

b. False

According to the text, it is not a good idea to think about your audience as a partner in an ongoing public conversation. a. True b. False

b. False

According to the textbook, a critical listener rarely asks why information is true, or how we could know it is true. a. True b. False

b. False

According to the textbook, being incredibly passionate about a topic always makes it a good choice for a speech. a. True b. False

b. False

According to your text, you'll know you've given a good speech if your audience gives you a big round of applause. a. True b. False

b. False

An informative speech about a person should focus exclusively on a brief biography. a. True b. False

b. False

Audiences do not expect that speakers will present images, videos, and audio clips. a. True b. False

b. False

Audiences enjoy long lists of facts, statistics, and/or multiple quotations. a. True b. False

b. False

Because it generally only takes a minute or two to deliver, an introduction for a speaker doesn't have to be complete speech. a. True b. False

b. False

Because your audience won't see a written copy of your speech, it's not necessary to include a written bibliography. a. True b. False

b. False

Ceremonial speeches are referred to as "occasional speeches" solely because they only happen once in a while. a. True b. False

b. False

Critical evaluations are just another way of describing personal preferences. a. True b. False

b. False

Effective persuasive arguments can be made using only one or two of the persuasive appeals. a. True b. False

b. False

Effectiveness, or getting your own way, is a good test for ethical acceptability. a. True b. False

b. False

For most people, the best choice for public speaking is to speak just a bit faster than their normal pace. a. True b. False

b. False

If you know a lot about your topic, you'll automatically be clearly understood by your audience. a. True b. False

b. False

In general, Wikipedia is a reliable source for research materials. a. True b. False

b. False

Inductive reasoning is most useful when trying to support a specific claim, to support a larger argument. a. True b. False

b. False

Informative speaking is a neutral type of speech that just conveys information in an unbiased way. a. True b. False

b. False

Longer celebratory speeches and toasts are more memorable and enjoyable. a. True b. False

b. False

Passive listening is what most of us do when we're actively engaging the ideas and arguments of the speaker. a. True b. False

b. False

Picking a topic that the audience already knows about is a surefire way to be effective. a. True b. False

b. False

Presentation aids should not invite interaction with the audience. a. True b. False

b. False

The Latin words found on the dollar bill, "E pluribus unum" means "From many, one" and symbolizes the importance of the individual in a democracy. a. True b. False

b. False

The great thing about the idea of rhetorical audience is that you can magically make your audience be anything you want them to be. a. True b. False

b. False

The more you know about your topic, the easier it is to edit your information to suit your purpose and your audience's understanding. a. True b. False

b. False

The more your practice, the more elaborate your speaking outline needs to be. a. True b. False

b. False

The point of public speaking training is to create communication performance skills from scratch. a. True b. False

b. False

The words people speak in one place never changes the way people think or act in another place. a. True b. False

b. False

Using the "Plain Folks" appeal relies on invoking the credibility of an expert or celebrity in an area outside their area of expertise. a. True b. False

b. False

When giving a wedding toast, you should position yourself to be in the best view of the photographer and videographer. a. True b. False

b. False

When preparing a slide presentation, you should include a slide for every element of your speech. a. True b. False

b. False

While the best communicators make choices about how to write and deliver a speech that are practically effective, rarely to they also have to worry about being ethically responsible. a. True b. False

b. False

Your textbook suggests that to get your audience's attention, you should include political controversy in after-dinner speeches. a. True b. False

b. False

_____________ refers to the emphasis you put on words that helps shape meaning for the listener. a. Volume b. Inflection c. Articulation d. Speed

b. Inflection

Which effective strategy for dealing with speaking anxiety involves realizing that the audience sees a speaker who would like to do a good job giving a speech, and who is attempting to impart useful information to them? a. Visualize your success and believe in it. b. Keep in mind that you don't look as nervous as you feel. c. Act "as if." d. Remember that we are all in the same boat.

b. Keep in mind that you don't look as nervous as you feel.

All of the following are internal obstacles in your "mental zone" to be avoided except: a. Not being in the moment. b. Too much noise in the environment. c. Negative preconceptions about the topic. d. Focusing on internal objections.

b. Too much noise in the environment.

All of the following are ways that your occasional speech specifically supports the reason for the occasion except: a. Making your comments specific to the time and place. b. Using the opportunity to quote a famous person. c. Making it personal for you and your audience. d. Amplifying and extending the reason.

b. Using the opportunity to quote a famous person.

The best way to understand the ________________ speech is as a humorous speech with a serious point. a. graduation b. after-dinner c. informative d. award presentation

b. after-dinner

All of the following are suggestions for feeling confident while standing except a. keep your chin up and shoulders down b. avoid pacing c. settle your weight on both feet d. stand straight

b. avoid pacing

If you need to show a trend or correlation over time, but need to show comparisons of magnitude or size, especially if the category you are showing contains more than one element, which visual aid would be best to utilize? a. pie chart b. bar graph c. map d. line graph

b. bar graph

Intentionally misrepresenting, leaving out, or unfairly downplaying alternative perspectives shows ________ toward the topic. a. responsibility b. bias c. positivity d. advocacy

b. bias

Using evidence selectively to prove your point is known as what type of appeal? a. inappropriate testimonial b. card stacking c. bandwagoning d. name calling

b. card stacking

According to your text, preparation means: a. practicing your speech in front of a mirror. b. choosing the best way to present your message so your audience will respond favorably. c. memorizing what you want to say. d. reading a book on your topic.

b. choosing the best way to present your message so your audience will respond favorably.

Writing down concepts or arguments as they come up and drawing lines to show interconnectedness with other concepts is known as using a: a. brainstorm. b. concept map. c. cue word. d. Cornell System.

b. concept map.

All of the following are ethical pitfalls that should be avoided in a public speech except: a. knowingly making weak arguments. b. considering the opposing arguments. c. lying. d. misrepresenting sources.

b. considering the opposing arguments.

Listening with the goal of evaluating what is being said is called: a. judgmental listening. b. critical listening. c. passive listening. d. active listening.

b. critical listening.

The primary aim of informative speaking is to: a. provide an argument for change. b. deliver information impartially. c. deliver a humorous speech. d. move the audience to action.

b. deliver information impartially.

Engagement within a democratic framework has all the following characteristics except: a. is a two-way process. b. demographically divides the audience. c. requires self-risk. d. shows respect for the audience.

b. demographically divides the audience.

The three proofs, or appeals, of persuasion include: a. mythos, pathos, and ethos. b. ethos, pathos, and logos. c. speaker, message, and context. d. kairos, logos, and bathos.

b. ethos, pathos, and logos.

Considering the credibility of the source you might use to back up a speech is part of which aspect of working with your research materials? a. revising your approach b. evaluating sources c. reading and taking notes d. organizing your research

b. evaluating sources

The kind of communication act you would like to accomplish with the audience in giving the speech is best known as a/an: a. general topic. b. general purpose. c. thesis. d. abstract claim.

b. general purpose

All of the following are ways to focus your topic except: a. geography or location. b. inclusion of all available evidence. c. timeframes. d. audience interests.

b. inclusion of all available evidence.

Drawing a conclusion based on examples or instances is known as what type of reasoning? a. causal b. inductive c. sign d. formal

b. inductive

All of the following are among Aristotle's three dimensions of ethos except: a. goodwill. b. manipulation. c. excellence. d. good judgment.

b. manipulation.

Using deception in your speech, making unsound arguments appear strong, or attempting to appear to be someone you are not is called: a. informative speaking. b. manipulation. c. persuasion. d. ethical speaking.

b. manipulation.

Complete the following statement: _____________ is about convincing an audience based on their already existing beliefs and motivations of the audience, and _____________ is about changing the beliefs and motivations of the audience. a. engagement; audience analysis b. marketing; engagement c. engagement; marketing d. marketing; audience analysis

b. marketing; engagement

Typically, when we watch television or a movie, we are engaging in what form of listening? a. engaged listening b. passive listening c. active listening d. critical listening

b. passive listening

What type of listening can be described as merely soaking up what's coming from the speaker and not thinking much about it? a. active listening b. passive listening c. critical listening d. expressive listening

b. passive listening

When your purpose is to change minds or actions of the audience you are engaging in ___________. a. entertaining b. persuading c. situating d. informing

b. persuading

All the ways you attempt to influence an audience is best known by the term: a. choices. b. persuasion. c. democracy. d. performance.

b. persuasion.

All of the following are forms of persuasion except: a. arguing for a rule change. b. presenting compelling information to an audience. c. asking for a raise. d. trying to convince a customer to buy a particular item.

b. presenting compelling information to an audience.

In terms of choosing the order of points, _____________ means putting your strongest arguments first, while ___________ means putting them last so the audience is more likely to remember them. a. relational; relevancy b. primacy; recency c. relevancy; relational d. recency; primacy

b. primacy; recency

Even though it seems redundant, the figure of repetition can do all of the following except: a. lend emphasis. b. provide exaggeration. c. create structure. d. make words more memorable.

b. provide exaggeration.

Which ethical component of listening would you violate if you made faces or noises to indicate your disagreement with the speaker? a. being ready to listen b. respect the forum c. expect the unexpected d. visibly paying attention

b. respect the forum

According to your text, communication in the context of democracy aims to: a. avoid arguments b. solve problems c. sell products d. entertain

b. solve problems

Which type of delivery involves the speaker writing out the text of the speech and then reading it? a. impromptu speaking b. speaking from manuscript c. extemporaneous speaking d. speaking from memory

b. speaking from manuscript

All of the following are examples of persuasive speaking or writing except: a. the opening and closing arguments in a courtroom. b. speeches at a funeral. c. speeches at a city council meeting. d. op-ed pages in a newspaper.

b. speeches at a funeral.

According to the textbook, all of the following are principles to keep in mind as you compose your speech EXCEPT: a. relevance matters b. statistics don't lie c. the facts don't speak for themselves d. clarity is the result of choices

b. statistics don't lie

The use of language and other wording choices you will make to achieve your goals has to do with what aspect of your speech? a. organization b. style c. persuasion d. delivery

b. style

A clear, one-sentence statement of your main point given early in the speech is known as a/n _____________. a. introduction b. thesis c. preview d. narration

b. thesis

A one-sentence summary of the argument you would like to make or the information you would like to present is best known as a: a. general purpose. b. thesis statement. c. specific purpose. d. definition statement.

b. thesis statement

Advocacy organizations for specific topics that produce materials for the public to use are known as a. peer-reviewed journals b. think tanks c. electronic databases d. web-based search engines

b. think tanks

All of the following are goals of informative speaking except: a. to help the audience encounter and understand new information. b. to encourage the audience that they should change a behavior or opinion. c. to tie elements of your speech to a specific set of attitudes or feelings. d. to encourage listeners to adopt a new perspective.

b. to encourage the audience that they should change a behavior or opinion.

Which pattern of organization divides the speech into points that have no pattern other than their relationship to the topic? a. problem/solution b. topical c. chronological d. spatial

b. topical

Changes in the meaning of words and concepts that give them a new meaning is known by the term: a. repetition. b. tropes. c. figures. d. alliteration.

b. tropes.

Originally meaning "habit," nowadays ethos most commonly means: a. "the use of reasoning to persuade." b. "put the audience in the right frame of mind." c. "character or knowledge of the speaker." d. "appropriate emotions."

c. "character or knowledge of the speaker."

Your textbook suggests all of the following key things to remember when giving a toast except: a. Keep it short. b. Stand up to speak. c. Copy what someone else has done before. d. Introduce yourself.

c. Copy what someone else has done before.

For each piece of evidence you are considering, all of the following are questions to ask yourself except: a. What purpose does the research serve for your overall goal? b. What kind of evidence is it? c. Is the evidence easy to understand? d. How good is the evidence?

c. Is the evidence easy to understand?

All of the following are rules of thumb for making sure your presentation aids supplement your speech rather than overpower you as the speaker except: a. Maintain eye contact. b. Always rehearse. c. Leave up slides at all times. d. Remember that data is not self-interpreting

c. Leave up slides at all times.

_______________ shifts or transports meaning from one context to another, and is not literally true. a. Repetition b. Personification c. Metaphor d. Understatement

c. Metaphor

According to the textbook, all of the following are useful questions or strategies for topic selection except: a. What do you already know or care about? b. Speaking to a librarian at your school. c. Picking out of a hat. d. What do you want to know more about?

c. Picking out of a hat.

All of the following are among the limited functions of text in a presentation except: a. Text should highlight. b. Text should summarize. c. Text should make up the bulk of your presentation. d. Text should define a central concept or idea.

c. Text should make up the bulk of your presentation.

The rules of TED Talks include all of the following except: a. Thou Shalt Tell a Story b. Thou Shalt Not Steal the Time of Those Who Follow Thee. c. Thou Shalt Read Thy Speak d. Thou Shalt Reveal Thy Curiosity and Thy Passion

c. Thou Shalt Read Thy Speak

According to your text, all of the following are reasons for paying attention to language choice except: a. Choosing language carefully can help set a consistent tone. b. Repeating three or four key terms can help hold the parts of the speech together. c. To impress your audience with your large vocabulary. d. Metaphoric language can help make a speech easier to understand and more memorable.

c. To impress your audience with your large vocabulary.

A public speaker who adjusts their topic and the presentation of their speech to their audience, is demonstrating: ____________ a. democracy b. pandering c. adaptation d. targeting

c. adaptation

Repeating initial sounds of words, like in the phrase "Peter Piper picked a peck..." is called ___________. a. grammatical repetition b. rhyme c. alliteration d. progression

c. alliteration

Which figure of contrast "puts opposites together" by creating a sentence with two contrasting or opposing parts? a. alliteration b. progression c. antithesis d. metaphor

c. antithesis

A statement or claim backed up by reasons is known as a/an: a. fear appeal. b. emotion. c. argument. d. manipulation.

c. argument.

All of the following are aspects of your physical delivery that you need to think about except: a. gesturing. b. walking. c. articulation. d. standing.

c. articulation.

All of the following are examples of presentation aids that involve non-electronic media except: a. posters. b. flip charts. c. audio clips. d. handouts.

c. audio clips.

The ____________ of the speech is where you present the bulk of your arguments and evidence to the audience. a. preview b. conclusion c. body d. introduction

c. body

Which pattern of organization orders ideas and arguments in a time-related sequence? a. spatial b. problem/solution c. chronological d. topical

c. chronological

Principle four of integrating supplemental media states that presentation aids require good composition, just like any other element of a good public speech. All of the following are elements of good composition except: a. uncluttered. b. simple. c. complex. d. topical.

c. complex.

Using the needs and motivations of the audience is one way to help: a. keep it simple. b. speak to the occasion. c. connect the topic to the audience. d. utilize supporting material.

c. connect the topic to the audience.

According to the textbook, all of the following are tips for giving positive and negative feedback except: a. be communication-sensitive. b. criticize speeches, not people. c. criticize all flaws in the speech. d. be specific.

c. criticize all flaws in the speech.

Arguments from form are also known as _________________ arguments. a. inductive b. analogic c. deductive d. causal

c. deductive

A/n _______________ speech is a specific type of informative speech where you present a tangible physical object to the audience as a presentation aid. a. persuasive b. introductory c. demonstration d. acceptance

c. demonstration

Visual schema that can show the parts that make up an object are called: a. graphs b. pie charts c. diagrams d. maps

c. diagrams

Pleasure in the speech itself is the primary characteristic of which purpose of speaking? a. informing b. persuading c. engaging d. situating

c. engaging

Using language that takes one characteristic of a group and makes it the essence of that group is called: a. modeling. b. resisting. c. essentializing. d. implying.

c. essentializing.

All of the following are concrete considerations of the ethical components of listening except: a. being ready to listen. b. respecting the forum. c. expecting the unexpected. d. visibly paying attention.

c. expecting the unexpected.

Which type of informative speech topic involves talking about an abstract concept, such as freedom, morality, courage, or gender? a. object or event b. process c. idea d. people

c. idea

Which one of the following types of charts and graphs is particularly good at showing trends or correlations between data points so audiences can see how two variables relate to one another? a. photograph b. map c. line graph d. pie chart

c. line graph

The audience of marketing and advertising is best understood as the: a. motivated audience. b. educated audience. c. literal audience. d. rhetorical audience.

c. literal audience.

The use of reasoning to persuade an audience is known as which type of appeal? a. ethos b. rhetoric c. logos d. pathos

c. logos

A/n ________________ is a way of organizing knowledge for both you and your audience, and is midway between your research and the speech that you will give. a. main point b. visualization c. outline d. coordinate point

c. outline

All of the following are basic kinds of research resources available to you except: a. informational interviews. b. electronic media. c. personal history. d. print materials.

c. personal history.

Which one of the following types of charts and graphs is a good way of showing the relationship between one data point and its context, or of showing the allocation of a resource such as time, money, or interest? a. line graph b. photograph c. pie chart d. map

c. pie chart

Within business speaking settings, a kind of informative speech that shares information, either to make sure everyone is informed or to help managers with ongoing decision making is known as a: a. sales pitch. b. forum. c. presentation. d. town hall.

c. presentation.

A _____________ is the thumbnail outline of the speech, a roadmap to help both you and your listeners stay on track. a. thesis b. transition c. preview d. conclusion

c. preview

What type of figure uses repetition and direction to create a sense of movement and draw the listener toward a conclusion? a. grammatical repetition b. rhyme c. progression d. alliteration

c. progression

Marketing, or selling something to an audience, has all of the following characteristics except : a. engages in stereotypes. b. demographically divides audience. c. requires self-risk. d. one-way process.

c. requires self-risk.

The audience you choose to address, or the audience you bring into being through your words, is known as the: a. demographic audience. b. literal audience. c. rhetorical audience d. universal audience.

c. rhetorical audience

The rule of reciprocity, which requires you to treat others as you, in turn, would like to be treated, is best known by what name? a. the principle of charity b. dialogic communication c. the Golden Rule d. the responsibility maxim

c. the Golden Rule

Annie plans to narrow her topic on obesity by focusing it on the potential impact the obesity epidemic may have on the future of society. Annie is focusing her topic based on __________. a. audience interest b. occasion c. time frame d. geography or location

c. time frame

Often offered at events such as birthdays or retirements, ___________________ are typically a way to mark the significance of the event, and communicate affection and respect for the people present. a. award presentations b. acceptance speeches c. toasts d. eulogies

c. toasts

One of the best ways to achieve clarity in your informative speech is to: a. present long lists of facts. b. present indirect claims. c. use simple, short, and direct sentences. d. use complex sentences.

c. use simple, short, and direct sentences.

_________________ are comparisons that link unfamiliar things to familiar things by highlighting a hidden similarity. a. Causal claims b. Signs c. Deductions d. Analogies

d. Analogies

All of the following are among the easy tips regarding answering audience questions except: a. Respond to all questions as friendly questions. b. Answer questions, not speeches. c. You don't need to have all the answers. d. Answer the question even if not on topic.

d. Answer the question even if not on topic.

All of the following are among the seven principles of ethical public speaking except: a. Be balanced. b. Be generous. c. Be honest . d. Be careful.

d. Be careful.

All of the following are functions of an effective introduction except: a. Define the role of the audience and the speaker. b. Show why the audience should listen. c. Gain the attention of the audience. d. Develop two or three main points.

d. Develop two or three main points.

"When the going gets tough, the tough get going" is an example of: a. Progression b. Simple-Reverse Antithesis c. Grammatical repetition d. Double-Reverse Antithesis

d. Double-Reverse Antithesis

Proper organization of your speech can do all of the following except: a. Improve your ethos as a speaker. b. Clarify what you are saying. c. Make the information more useful for your audience. d. Help express your ideas more forcefully.

d. Help express your ideas more forcefully.

______________ is an overstatement, a claim so over the top it is obviously not true. a. Litotes b. Personification c. Simile d. Hyperbole

d. Hyperbole

According to your text, the concept of "public" in public speaking is important for all of the following reasons except: a. It reminds us that we're all members of a broader citizenry. b. It helps us to differentiate public speaking from advertising and other forms of private and personal communication. c. It reminds us that we have a responsibility to connect with the audience in an ethical way. d. It helps us to determine which speeches should be available for everyone to listen to free of charge.

d. It helps us to determine which speeches should be available for everyone to listen to free of charge.

All of the following are functions of the body of your speech except: a. It addresses arguments for and against your thesis. b. It develops the two or three main points identified in the preview. c. It uses supporting materials to develop arguments and make cases. d. It links your speech's arguments, points, or sections together.

d. It links your speech's arguments, points, or sections together.

____________ is an expression that substitutes a part for the whole, or a property of something for the thing itself. a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Understatement d. Metonymy

d. Metonymy

The quote "You should use the presentation aid, as opposed to its using you" is best represented by which principle for integrating supplemental media? a. Presentation aids are an invitation to interaction with the audience. b. Presentation aids are not mandatory. c. Presentation aids require good composition. d. The focus of the presentation is the speaker, not the presentation aid.

d. The focus of the presentation is the speaker, not the presentation aid.

To decide which ethical choices to make in your speech, your text suggests you ask all of the following questions except: a. What common goals and ideals can I reference when making my case? b. What is the best way I can cultivate a relationship with this audience in this context? c. What expectations does this audience have of me? d. What expectations do I have of this audience?

d. What expectations do I have of this audience?

A research strategy consists of answers to all of the following basic questions except: a. Where are you going to look? b. How will you look for your sources? c. What do you expect to find? d. Who will help you find the information?

d. Who will help you find the information?

Your textbook suggests that when giving a speech at a significant life event, you should keep all of the following in mind except: a. Be on time. b. It's not about you. c. Be prepared. d. Your words are your gift.

d. Your words are your gift.

The action that presents a strong case for the perspective you hold or a change in belief or action you would like to lead your audience toward, while at the same time being open to giving other perspectives a fair hearing, is best known by the term: a. argument. b. bias. c. democracy. d. advocacy.

d. advocacy.

Relying on expertise to back up a claim is to use which type of reasoning? a. causal argument b. argument from analogy c. argument by sign d. argument from authority

d. argument from authority

A claim that is supported by some grounds, or evidence, is known as a(n): a. poor reasoning. b. advocate. c. alternative perspective. d. argument.

d. argument.

At minimum, the complete citation data needed for proper research includes all of the following except: a. date of publication. b. author. c. title of the piece. d. author credentials.

d. author credentials.

All of the following are effective ways to take notes except: a. indicate the relationship between ideas with arrows and lines. b. use a concept map. c. make an outline. d. avoid using key words

d. avoid using key words

The main goal in a persuasive speech is to: a. help the audience understand new information. b. entertain the audience. c. present compelling information to the audience. d. change the audience's actions or the way they think about a topic.

d. change the audience's actions or the way they think about a topic.

When you are able to say something evaluative about the speech, such as "Here's the point that worked best," you are primarily engaged in what type of thinking? a. active listening b. relevant listening c. passive listening d. critical listening

d. critical listening

The process of selecting the portions of an image you want to use in order to draw the viewer's eye toward the important subject is called: a. resolution. b. contrast c. focus. d. cropping.

d. cropping.

The classifications that, in some cases, give a rough picture of important characteristics of the audience are known as ____________ characteristics. a. rhetorical b. literal c. obvious d. demographic

d. demographic

The Greek term _________ means both "character" and "habit." a. logos b. pathos c. kronos d. ethos

d. ethos

A speech to honor the significance of someone's life after their passing and to reflect on what makes a life meaningful best describes which type of speech? a. toast b. speaker introduction c. informative d. eulogy

d. eulogy

If we have no other goal than to simply let our audience know what is on our minds, we are engaging in what type of communication? a. persuasive b. rhetorical c. responsive d. expressive

d. expressive

Changes in structure of a phrase, or a sentence that lends an ear-catching quality is known by the term: a. analogies. b. metaphors c. tropes. d. figures.

d. figures.

According to your textbook, what is the minimum number of times you should practice a speech? a. eight times b. ten times c. three times d. four times

d. four times

Given in the first few sentences, the ________ for the speech basically lays out the relationship between speaker, audience, and topic. a. message b. information c. argument d. frame

d. frame

Connecting a person, idea, or thing to an abstract concept is known as what type of appeal? a. bandwagoning. b. name calling. c. card stacking. d. glittering generality.

d. glittering generality.

According to the text, all of the following can be included in presentation aids except: a. posters. b. graphs. c. audio clips. d. hand gestures.

d. hand gestures.

In a/an _____________, you often have information about the situation and its constraints, which reduces some of your choices, but you will still have to win your audience over. a. public situation b. business situation c. classroom situation d. invited speaking situation

d. invited speaking situation

All of the following are considered main goals for ceremonial speeches except: a. celebrating. b. inspiring. c. praising. d. legislating.

d. legislating.

To prepare well for a speech in which you will present an award, you need to understand the ___________ of the award, and master the ____________ of this special type of speech. a. history; meaning b. mechanics; meaning c. meaning; history d. meaning; mechanics

d. meaning; mechanics

When actively listening, __________ includes not only the topic but also the speaker's frame or position, while ____________ is the topic's connection to your interests. a. relevance; meaning b. engaging; critiquing c. critiquing; engaging d. meaning; relevance

d. meaning; relevance

Sticking a label on a person or idea that prejudges them, whether as good or bad, is known as: a. glittering generalities. b. card stacking. c. bandwagoning. d. name calling.

d. name calling.

One strategy that can help you to control distractions that make active or critical listening a challenge is: a. having stereotypes. b. having preconceptions about the topic. c. focusing on speakers themselves. d. note taking.

d. note taking.

How you are going to support the claim you'd like the audience to believe with reasons and evidence refers to _________________. a. manipulation b. mode of persuasion c. justification d. pattern of argument

d. pattern of argument

Since they have been subjected to a rigorous editorial process and are likely to have been written by people with strong qualifications, __________________ can be great sources for research. a. Wikis b. blogs c. opinion pieces in newspapers d. peer-reviewed articles

d. peer-reviewed articles

According to the textbook, the "gold standard for expert commentary on a topic" consists of: a. blogs. b. interviews. c. Wikipedia. d. peer-reviewed scholarly articles.

d. peer-reviewed scholarly articles.

Leaving your audience with an appropriate image or emotion as their final impression is called the: a. thesis statement. b. internal preview. c. review. d. peroration.

d. peroration.

All of the following are types of informative topics except: a. processes. b. people. c. objects and events. d. problem/solution.

d. problem/solution.

The basic structure of a sales pitch is: a. dialogue. b. sharing of feelings or experiences. c. a presentation. d. problem/solution.

d. problem/solution.

A ___________ is a group of people who share a common set of interests because they perceive a common problem. a. community b. divided audience c. marketing demographic d. public

d. public

The process of making good arguments well supported by good grounds such as evidence, expert opinion, data, or logical chain is known as: a. effectiveness. b. advocacy. c. responsibility. d. reasoning

d. reasoning

All of the following are effective strategies for dealing with speaking anxiety except: a. recognize that nerves make you a better speaker b. manage your expectations c. strive to see the bigger picture d. remember that your topic is less important than your nerves

d. remember that your topic is less important than your nerves

All of the following are purposes served by the use of tropes in a speech except: a. exaggeration. b. substitution. c. comparison. d. repetition.

d. repetition.

According to your text, rhetoric requires all of the following except: a. a listener. b. a speaker. c. some means of sharing a message d. some means of recording that message.

d. some means of recording that message.

The _______________ aims to fulfill a specific need for your audience as it relates to your topic. a. occasion b. thesis statement c. general goal d. specific purpose

d. specific purpose

Generalizations based on a single dimension of a person, such as age, gender, or race are known as: a. critiques. b. preconceptions about the topic. c. evaluations. d. stereotypes.

d. stereotypes.

Of the following statements, which is best described as a general topic? a. We should all emphasize local foods in our diets. b. We should all change our eating habits toward local food. c. Locally produced food is better for the audience. d. The benefits of eating locally.

d. the benefits of eating locally

Words, phrases, or sentences that link your speech's arguments, points, or sections together are called: a. previews. b. narrations. c. supporting materials. d. transitions.

d. transitions.

The main goal in an informative speech is to help the audience: a. move to action. b. be entertained. c. change minds or attitudes. d. understand new information.

d. understand new information.

All of the following are types of general purposes in public speaking except: a. engaging. b. persuading. c. informing. d. updating.

d. updating

Helping audiences understand complex information by likening the topic to something the listener already understands is to use which tactic of explanation? a. breaking it down b. using examples c. concrete details d. using analogies

d. using analogies