Pure Substances and Mixtures
Separating heterogeneous mixtures
-magnets -filtration -centrifuge: A centrifuge spins at high speeds until the heavier components (solids or liquids) sink to the bottom and the lighter components (liquids or gases) float to the top. -evaporation: Evaporation and distillation are processes that can separate solids, liquids, and gases from a solution using heat -distillation -chromatography
How many atoms are in AgNO6BrH2
11
How many elements are in the compound: H2SO4
3
How many elements are in AgNO6BrH2
5
How many atoms are in the compound: H2SO4
7
Compounds
A compound is matter composed of two or more elements. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound.
Mixture
A mixture is created when solids, liquids, or gases mix with one another. Mixtures can occur with substances that are in the same states of matter or of different states of matter. Each substance in a mixture maintains its individual composition and property.
Pure substances
A pure substance consists of a single element or type of compound. (One type of atom or molecule; has unique physical properties)
Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. All elements on the periodic table of elements are examples of pure substances.
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can be made up of one or more elements?
Both
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is a type of matter?
Both
Heterogeneous mixtures
Candies in a mixture will not be dispersed evenly. Heavier pieces may sink to the bottom of the pile, and smaller pieces may be at the edges.
Colloids
Colloids are generally considered heterogenous because some areas of these mixtures have a larger number of insoluble particles in suspension.
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which has a chemical ratio?
Compound
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is a type of substance?
Compound
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is an example of water?
Compound
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is made up of elements that are chemically bonded?
Compound
Sugar is a _____________________
Compound
Helium is a(n) ________________________
Element
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means
Element
T/F: Homogeneous mixtures always have the same properties.
False
T/F: The composition of a compound can vary.
False
A granola bar is a ______________________
Heterogeneous mixture
Kool-Aid is a __________________
Homogeneous mixture
Shampoo is a _____________________
Homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture
In this type of mixture, just one substance looks the same throughout. Dissolving sugar in a glass of water forms a homogeneous mixture, as the sugar seems to disappear.
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can be physically separated?
Mixture
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can have a composition that varies?
Mixture
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which does NOT have a chemical formula?
Mixture
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is an example of air?
Mixture
Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which keeps the properties of the original substance?
Mixture
Trail mix is classified as a __________________
Mixture
Physical Separation
Mixtures contain compounds and elements that can be physically separated from one another. For example, you can pull out your favorite fruit from a fruit salad and leave the others in the bowl.
Copper is classified as a ____________________
Pure substance
Chemical Separation
Pure substances made from compounds can only be chemically separated into the elements that make them up.
T/F: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a substance
True
T/F: Mixtures can be physically separated but pure substances cannot.
True
T/F: Substances within a mixture retain their individual properties.
True
Cookies and cream ice cream would be classified as...
a heterogeneous mixture
A basic particle that all elements are made of:
atom
All matter can be described by its ___________________ and __________________.
chemical and physical properties
characteristic that describes how something reacts to see if a new substance is formed is called
chemical properties
What property is tarnish?
chemical property
An example of a physical property?
color
What is an example of a chemical property?
flammability
A type of mixture where particles are not spread evenly throughout the mixture; can see parts
heterogeneous
A type of mixture where the particles are evenly mixed; you cannot see the individual parts
homogeneous
What are two types of mixtures
homogeneous and heterogeneous
A glass of Kool-Aid would be classified as...
homogeneous mixture
Solutions
homogeneous mixtures in which the solute is dissolved and distributed evenly within the solvent. Solutions can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.
Emulsions
homogeneous mixtures of two or more liquids that are normally not mixable.
Matter is anything that has...
mass and takes up space
Characteristics of matter can be described using the five senses is called...
physical properties
What property is freezing point?
physical property
What property is state of matter (solid, liquid, and gas)
physical property
Which is NOT an example of a physical property
rust
Which is NOT an example of a chemical property?
states of matter
A type of matter that has a definite makeup
substance